음악적 표현성에 대한 확장된 형식의 시뮬레이션 이론
A Simulation Theory of Musical Expressivity — An Expanded Version
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이 글에서 필자는 코크레인의 ‘음악적 표현성의 시뮬레이션 이론’을비판적으로 고찰한 후 이것을 더욱 정교화하고 확장하여 좀 더 포괄적이고 설득력 있는 이론으로서 ‘음악적 표현성에 대한 확장된 형식의 시뮬레이션 이론’을 제안한다. 청자에게 즉각적으로 환기되는 원초적 느낌을 대상으로 하는 ‘낮은 수준’의 시뮬레이션에 전념하는 코크레인의이론은 음악의 즉각적이고 국부적인 정서표현성이 인식되는 기제는 어느 정도 성공적으로 해명하는 반면 인지적으로 고차원적인 정서에 대한 음악의 표현성이 인식되는 기제는 전혀 해명하지 못한다. 또한 코크레인의 이론은 청취 시 발생하는 음악과 청자 간의 역동적인 상호작용을 고려하지 않은 채 청자를 음악에 즉각적으로 반응하는 수동적인 존재자로서만 간주한다. 필자는 ‘높은 수준’의 시뮬레이션을 도입할 때이러한 문제들이 해결된다고 주장하며 코크레인의 이론에 높은 수준의시뮬레이션을 도입함으로써 코크레인의 이론을 확장할 것을 제안한다. 궁극적으로 필자는 필자가 제안하는 ‘음악적 표현성에 대한 확장된 형식의 시뮬레이션 이론’이 코크레인의 이론이 갖는 문제들뿐만 아니라음악의 정서표현성에 대한 기존의 담론들이 가지는 문제들 역시 성공적으로 극복하며 그것들이 정당하게 주목하거나 명료한 설명을 제시하는 데 실패한 기제들에 대해 더 나은 해명을 제시한다고 주장한다.
Abstract
In this essay, I critically examine Cochrane’s ‘simulation theory of musical expressivity’ (2009) and then propose its expanded version as an enhanced and more comprehensive theory. While Cochrane’s theory, which commits to the ‘low-level’ simulation that concerns the primitive feelings immediately aroused in listeners, elucidates quite successfully the mechanism underlying our recognition of the musical expressivity at the local and cognitively low level, it fails to give an account of the mechanism underlying our recognition of the musical expressivity for cognitively higher emotions which usually needs a considerable span of musical unfolding. In addition, Cochrane’s theory generally overlooks the dynamic interaction between music and listeners and sees listeners as passive beings only to respond to music immediately. I argue that these problems would be solved when we introduce the ‘high-level’ simulation and that we should therefore expand Cochrane’s theory embracing the ‘high-level’ simulation. Ultimately, I argue that ‘the expanded version of a simulation theory of musical expressivity’ as I suggest overcomes successfully not only the problems in Cochrane’s theory but also those in other theories on musical expressivity providing a better account of the mechanism to which those theories fail to give due attention or to offer clarification.
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