후설의 타자이론의 근본화로서 메를로-퐁티의 타자이론 -메를로­퐁티의 『지각의 현상학』을 중심으로

Abstract

It was the theory of the Other as an overcoming out of solipsism that Husserl had reflected on and defended, more than any of the other theories of phenomenology. Nevertheless it is also his theory of the Other that has been criticized most often among Husserl’ s phenomenology. But Merleau-Ponty’ s theory of the Other is different from Heidegger’ s, Sartre’ s and Levinas’ , for while these are merely denials of Husserl’ s theory of the Other, his is a radicalization of Husserl’ s theory of the Other in the respect of the genetic phenomenology. Above all, seeing the ideal of Husserl’ s phenomenology, not from the perspective of static foundation,but from that of genetic foundation, Merleau-Ponty changed radically the method of phenomenological reflection and the intentionality of consciousness into the radical reflection and the intentionality of body respectively. On the grounds of these radical methods and states, first he criticized the paradox which the approach of reflective analysis causes in terms of the validity-foundation of perception of the Other, and he tries to get over the paradox through coexistence between I and the Other by intergrating the consciousness and body in the pre-personal world. He goes on discovering the limit of solipsism rather again in the appresentive experience which Husserl introduced in order to get over the solipsism in terms of the validity-foundation of judgement of the Other, and he tries to discover the meaning of solipsism in freedom, communication and death through the radical reflection. First the freedom of solipsism means only that thrown in the world. Second, solipsism never means the communication gap, but the suspension of communication. Third, for the solipsists, death and other means things that cannot be experienced, but for Merleau-Ponty they means the destiny that we have to put up with. Finally we have the tasks to reconstruct Merleau-Ponty’ s theory of the Other on the basis of the achievements of study of Husserl’ s posthumous manuscripts and the achievements of development-psychology on child’ s ability of understanding of other’ mind.