역사소설 『웨이벌리』의 문학적 성취
Walter Scott’s Achievement in Waverley as a Modern Historical Novel
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이 논문은 월터 스콧의 첫 역사소설 『웨이벌리』의 문학적 성과에 대한 재검토를 시도한다. 우선 작품에 그려진 재커바이트 반란이 당대의 근대 세계질서의 패권을 둘러싼 갈등의 일환임을 밝힘으로써 아직도 그 비평사적 의의를 인정받고 있는 루카치의 스콧 논의가 서구중심주의적 한계에 물들어 있음을 밝힌다. 또한 결말을 포함하여 작품 전반이 잉글런드와 스코틀란드의 합병으로 형성된 연합왕국의 새로운 정치 질서를 긍정한다는 면에서 보수적으로 보일 수 있지만, 스코틀란드 고지대의 가난한 민중과 민족문화에 대한 애정에 바탕을 둔 전혀 다른 측면 또한 존재함을 입증한다. 스콧은 로맨스, 고딕 소설, 셰익스피어 사극, 당대의 사실주의 소설 양식의 요소들을 적절히 결합하여 활용함으로써 급속도로 사라져가던 고지대 전통 사회가 지녔던 인간적인 잠재력과 미덕을 설득력있게 제시하는데 성공한다.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine Walter Scott’s achievement in Waverley, his first historical novel. The Jacobite rebellions the novel depicts should be regarded as part of the Western powers’ struggle for the hegemony of the emerging modern world system, which will help us overcome the limitations of Lukács’s Eurocentric views on Scott. Waverley as a whole including its ending is certainly “conservative,” since it affirms the political entity of the United Kingdom of England and Scotland after the Union Act of 1707. Scott is, however, successful in creating a vivid portrait of poor but attractive and sometimes heroic Highlanders and their ethnic culture. By means of combining different elements of romance, Gothic fiction, Shakespeare’s histories, and contemporary realist novel, Scott persuasively describes common Highlanders’ virtues and their potential to address the challenges of encroaching modernity as well as the inevitable doom of their traditional society.
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