원효의 『涅槃宗要』에 나타난 보신의 상주론과 무상론의 화쟁방식 - '和諍門'의 분석을 중심으로

Abstract

Wonhyo(元曉, 617-686) is harmonizing the disputes between the permanence and impermanence of the Body of Bliss(Saṃbhogakāya) in an epistemological way, such as ‘being called as permanent because it is ultimately serene’, and ‘being called as impermanent because it can act anything with its dynamic movement.’ It is an inclusive theory of harmony corresponding to the middle, without sticking to one’s position, as the opposite method of Anaikāntika-viruddhâvyabhicārin or Reductio ad absurdum which deduces ‘the two propositions and reasons being mutually conflicting whatever position one may follow.’ Yet, not only the method of ‘synthesizing or harmonizing the opposing perspectives’, but the logic of ‘deducing affirmation through negation’ which encompasses prasaṅga, dilemma or a fait accompli are also employed. Adversely, it comprehensively synthesizes all views from the aspects of non-duality of dharmata(性) and characteristics of all things(相) after co-relating the theory of permanence in the line of dharmatā with the theory of impermanence in the line of all characteristics. It manifests bi-directional structure of open logic whether it places dharmatā or characteristics as its subject. Further, it also analyzes the way of harmonizing with Buddhavacana, which was understood in the context of the true nature of things(dharmatā) and logical principle (yukti). Seen from the aspects of the secret mark of Buddha, it is expressed as the 4th koṭi, in that it transcends both of the characteristics and dharmatā. Meanwhile, from the aspects of the negation of both, it is expressed as the 3rd koṭi in the sense that these two positions are not different. Likewise, it manifests a theory of circulation of meaning in its way of harmonizing the disputes. Through this method, it reduces dharmatā and characteristics to the non-dual middle way while creating the infinite meaning through intersecting affirmation and negation.