1948～50년 사회주의진영의 평화론과 평화운동의 동아시아적 수용과 변용: 국가별 사례 비교
East Asian Countries’ Acceptance and Transformation of Peace Movements of Socialist Camp, 1948–1950: Comparison of Individual Countries
1
조회
0
다운로드
9
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article analyzes the effects of the socialist camp’s peace discourses and peace movements on the four nations of South Korea, North Korea, China and Japan in East Asia between 1948 and 1950. From the perspective of a polar Cold War system centering around the United States and the Soviet Union, the pacifism of the socialist camp should be strongly rejected in South Korea and Japan, and seemed to be uncritically accepted in China and North Korea. But the reality was very different. The only country where such an order was projected was actually South Korea. Republic of Korea has thoroughly rejected the peace discourses of socialist camps in the process of establishing a right-wing anti-communism system. On the other hand, Japan, under the US military rule, could spread peace discourses and peace movements quite broadly, and successfully obtain the signing of 6.45 million signatures in the anti-nuclear peace signing movement in 1950. This situation was closely related to the occupation policy of the US military, which forced ‘peace’ on the Japanese people as their national policy. About the same time, the Chinese Communist Party strongly rejected the peace discourses of the socialist camp in the context of their Chinese Civil War (1946-1949). However, when the US military actively intervened the Korean War, Chinese government started to transform and spread the peace discourses centering on the ‘anti-invasion’. North Korea had also embraced the peace discourses of the socialist camp since 1948, but in the preparations for war in 1950, it pursued peace movements centered on the discourse of “unification” rather than “anti-war” or “anti-nuclear”.
Abstract
This article analyzes the effects of the socialist camp’s peace discourses and peace movements on the four nations of South Korea, North Korea, China and Japan in East Asia between 1948 and 1950. From the perspective of a polar Cold War system centering around the United States and the Soviet Union, the pacifism of the socialist camp should be strongly rejected in South Korea and Japan, and seemed to be uncritically accepted in China and North Korea. But the reality was very different. The only country where such an order was projected was actually South Korea. Republic of Korea has thoroughly rejected the peace discourses of socialist camps in the process of establishing a right-wing anti-communism system. On the other hand, Japan, under the US military rule, could spread peace discourses and peace movements quite broadly, and successfully obtain the signing of 6.45 million signatures in the anti-nuclear peace signing movement in 1950. This situation was closely related to the occupation policy of the US military, which forced ‘peace’ on the Japanese people as their national policy. About the same time, the Chinese Communist Party strongly rejected the peace discourses of the socialist camp in the context of their Chinese Civil War (1946-1949). However, when the US military actively intervened the Korean War, Chinese government started to transform and spread the peace discourses centering on the ‘anti-invasion’. North Korea had also embraced the peace discourses of the socialist camp since 1948, but in the preparations for war in 1950, it pursued peace movements centered on the discourse of “unification” rather than “anti-war” or “anti-nuclear”.
참고문헌 (40)
- "경향신문", ~
- "동아일보", ~
- "로동신문", ~
- "人民日報", ~
- 강성현, "한국 사상통제기제의 역사적 형성과 '보도연맹 사건', 1925-50", 박사, 사회학과, pp.2012
- 고지훈, "조선공산당의 대미인식", 역사문제연구, (17), pp.203~233 (2007), 역사문제연구소
- 국사편찬위원회, "북한관계사료집" (1984), 국사편찬위원회
- 권헌익, "냉전의 다양한 모습", 역사비평, (105), pp.221~235 (2013), 역사문제연구소
- 김남식, "남로당연구" (1984), 돌베개
- 김옥준, "마오저둥 시기의 통일정책: ‘하나의 중국’ 원칙 확립과 정책변화", 사회과학연구, 21(4), pp.117~136 (2010), 사회과학연구소
- 김태우, "냉전 평화론의 사생아: 소련과 북한의 한국전쟁 ‘북침’ 시나리오 조작의 정치적 배경과 과정", 통일인문학, 64, pp.263~304 (2015), 인문학연구원
- 김태우, "제노사이드의 단계적 메커니즘과 국민보도연맹사건: 대한민국 공산주의자들의 절멸 과정에 관한 일고찰", 동북아연구, 30(1), pp.171~206 (2015), 사회과학연구원 부설 동북아연구소[DOI]
- 남기정, "전후 일본의 생활평화주의" (2014), 박문사
- 류기현, "쏘련을 향하여 배우라 ― 1945~1948년 朝蘇文化協會의 조직과 활동", 대동문화연구, (98), pp.91~118 (2017), 대동문화연구원[DOI]
- 모택동, "모택동 자서전" (2002), 다락원
- 모택동, "모택동 사상과 중국혁명" (2008), 평민사
- 백원담, "‘냉전’ 아시아의 탄생: 신중국과 한국전쟁" (2013), 문화과학사
- 북로당 인제군당, "북조선 로동당 강원도 인제군당 상무위원회 회의록 제32호: 조쏘문화협회 인제군지부 사업총화에 대하야", ~ (1948)
- 북조선로동당 선전선동부 강연과, "공고한 평화와 안전을 위한 조선인민들의 투쟁" (1949)
- 북조선로동당 선전선동부, "제2차 세계대전 후의 미국의 대외정책" (1948), 로동당출판사
- 서중석, "한국현대민족운동연구 2" (1996), 역사비평사
- 小山弘健, "일본 마르크스주의사 개설" (1991), 이론과실천
- 예프게니 바자노프, "소련의 자료로 본 한국전쟁의 전말" (1998), 열림
- 이시카와 마쓰미, "일본 전후 정치사" (2006), 후마니타스
- 정용욱, "6․25전쟁 이전 북한의 평화운동", 역사비평, (106), pp.69~93 (2014), 역사문제연구소
- 조선중앙연감, "조선중앙연감, 1951～1952년" (1953), 조선중앙통신사
- 청카이(程凱), "평화염원과 정치동원: 1950년의 “평화서명운동", 중국현대문학, (64), pp.215~261 (2013), 한국중국현대문학학회
- 토니 주트, "포스트워 1945～2005.1" (2008), 플래닛
- 평화옹호전국민족위원회, "평화옹호세계대회문헌집" (1949), 국립인민출판사
- S. 슈람, "모택동" (1977), 박영사
- Günter Wernicke, "The Unity of Peace and Socialism? The World Peace Council on a Cold War Tightrope Between the Peace Struggle and Intrasystemic Communist Conflicts", Peace & Change, 26(3), pp.325~351 (2001)
- Heonik Kwon, "The Other Cold War" (2010), Columbia University Press
- Odd Arne Westad, "The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times" (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Report on the Communist “Peace” Offensive, "United States House of Representative", US Government Printing Office, ~ (1951)
- 藤原修, "原水爆禁止運動の成立" (1991), 明治学院国際平和研究所
- 藤原修, "日本の平和運動-思想·構造·機能", 国際政治, (175), pp.84~99 (2014)
- 原水爆禁止日本協議会, "ドキュメント核兵器のない世界へー被爆60年と原水爆禁止運動 1945~2005" (2005), 原水爆禁止日本協議会
- 日本平和委員會, "平和運動20年史" (1969), 大月書店
- 程凯, "和平意愿与中共的政治动员: 1950年的 “和平签名运动”", 文化纵横, (4), pp.72~79 (2013)
- 陈文胜, "1950年的北京市和平签名运动", 当代中国史研究, (6), pp.85~92 (2012)