1980년 이후 미국 연방정부의 행정구조 변화 - 인력과 예산을 중심으로 -
Change in the Administrative Structure of the United States Federal Government, 1980-2003: Staff and Budget
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1980년대 이후 전 세계적인 패러다임으로 신보수주의와 신공공관리론이 국가행정의 개혁을 주도하였다. 이 연구는 이러한 정부개혁의 추진결과 실제 미국 국가행정구조에 어떠한 변화가 있었는가를 인력과 예산 자원을 중심으로 경험적으로 분석하였다. 첫째, 전반적으로, 정부규모의 감축에는 공식적으로 달성한 것으로 보인다. 1980년대 이후 연방공무원의 인력감축의 성과를 보였고, GDP에서 차지하는 재정규모가 감소되었다. 둘째, 국가기능별 인력 및 예산 변화를 요약하면, 신보수주의의 정부개혁 전략에서 주창하는 바와 같이 Reagan 공화당 행정부는 강한 국가를 위한 합의기능의 확대와 자유로운 경제를 위한 통합기능의 감소를 가져왔다. Clinton 민주당 행정부는 자유로운 경제를 위한 생산기능의 감소를 가져왔다. 그러나 Reagan 행정부는 생산기능의 확대를, Clinton 행정부는 합의기능의 약화를 낳았다. 그리고 두 행정부 모두 공히 집행기능의 약화를 가져왔다.
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the New Right ideology and New Public Management has considered as a global phenomenon. In this historical trend, this study looks at the change of state administration structure in the United States in terms of staffs and budgets. Overall, the size of the federal government had been reduced in 1980-2000 period; the public personnel and fiscal size of the GDP had been reduced. Several changes of the administrative structure among the state functions indicate that the Reagan administration increased the consensus function for strong state and decreased the integration function for free economy. The Clinton administration decreased the production function for free economy. Both administration decreased the executive function in pursuit of New Public Management.
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