강원 청호동과 중도동 유적의 연해주 토기에 대한 검토

Abstract

In the 4th century, pottery of the Poltse culture was unearthed alongside Tuanjie-Krounovka-type ceramics at Cheongho-dong, indicating the coexistence of diverse ceramic traditions during this period. At Jungdo-dong, a complete vessel of the Malgal pottery type—specifically, a pedestal-shaped form—has been identified, further supporting the notion of cultural heterogeneity in ceramic production. The Tuanjie-Krounovka ceramic tradition, which originated in the central region during the 2nd century BCE, continued to exert influence through the 3rd and 4th centuries CE, extending as far as Cheongho-dong and Ududong. The continued use of various pottery forms—including handled pedestal vessels, small pedestal cups, steamers, and goblets—suggests that the cultural elements associated with this tradition were inherited and sustained in the region over an extended period. During the same period, the archaeological sites of Bulochka and Siniye Skaly in th e Primorye (Russian Maritime) region exhibit manufacturing techniques characteristic of the Tuanjie-Krounovka cultural tradition, indicating the active development of the Poltse (Olga) culture in the area. Notably, the Siniye Skaly site reveals early forms of Malgal pottery, while at the Aurovka fortress, some of the earliest examples of Malgal ceramics dating to the 4th century CE have been discovered. These archaeological findings suggest that the Poltse culture of the Primorye region possessed distinctive regional characteristics that set it apart from the Amur Poltse culture. However, due to shared production techniques and similarities in artifact types, the two cultures cannot be regarded as entirely separate. Furthermore, the early forms of Malgal pottery appear to have developed within the Poltse cultural sphere in Primorye, indicating a close connection between ceramic traditions and broader regional cultural dynamics. As a result, it is presumed that, during the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, the Primorye Poltse culture was displaced southward by the Amur Poltse culture, extending its influence to archaeological sites such as Cheongho-dong and Suyanggae in the central region. In tandem with this cultural movement, it is also suggested that the Malgal culture—originating from the Khanka Lake group and the the Three Rivers Plain—may have established a presence at key sites in the central region, including Jungdo-dong. However, compared to the Tuanjie-Krounovka culture, archaeological evidence for the Poltse culture of Primorye and Malgal pottery in the central region remains extremely limited. Therefore, further excavations, along with a reexamination of previously investigated materials, are essential to gaining a more comprehensive understanding of these cultural elements and their development in the region.