가구 형태와 성별에 따른 행복 결정 요인 분석: 1인 가구와 기혼 가구의 비교 연구
An Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Happiness by Household Type and Gender: A Comparative Study of Single-Person and Married Households
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본 연구는 ‘1인 가구’와 ‘기혼 가구’를 비교 분석하여 각 집단에서 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명 하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 표본 전체를 대상으로 다중회귀분석을 실시한 후, 가구 형태 및 가구 내 성별에 따른 부분 표본 분석을 통해 집단 간 행복 메커니즘을 탐구하였다. 분석 결과, 가구 형태와 성별에 따라 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인이 상이하게 작용함을 확인하였다. 소득은 1인 가구에서 더 큰 영향을 미친 반면, 사회적 관계는 기혼 가구에서 더 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 또한 주거 생활에서의 공동체 인식은 1인 가구, 특히 여성에게 더 강한 영향력을 보였다. 흥미롭게도 기혼 여성의 경우, 전통 적 성 역할을 수용할수록 행복도가 높았으며, 직업이 있는 경우 오히려 행복이 감소하는 경향이 확인되 었다. 이러한 결과는 가구 형태와 성별에 따라 행복을 결정하는 요인들이 복합적이고 차별적으로 작용 함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 1인 가구와 기혼 가구의 차이를 심층적으로 분석함으로써 이를 고려한 맞춤 형 정책 개발의 필요성을 제기하고, 세분화된 사회적 지원 전략의 근거를 제공했다는 점에서 의미가 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to identify factors influencing happiness by comparing “single-person households” and “married households.” To achieve this, a multiple regression analysis was conducted on the entire sample, followed by a subsample analysis based on household type and gender to explore differences in the mechanisms affecting happiness. The results revealed that the factors affecting happiness vary depending on household type and gender. Income had a greater impact on single-person households, whereas social relationships emerged as a more significant factor for married households. Additionally, community perception in residential life had a stronger impact on single women households. Interestingly, for married women, accepting traditional gender roles was associated with higher levels of happiness, while having a job tended to decrease happiness. These findings suggest that the determinants of happiness operate in complex and differentiated ways depending on household type and gender. This study is significant as it provides an in-depth analysis of the disparities between single- person and married households. It highlights the need for tailored policy development that considers these differences and offers a basis for more targeted social support strategies.
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