본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

MZ세대 공직자들의 공공봉사동기가 직무스트레스와 공직만족도에 미친 영향: 코로나19의 영향을 중심으로

The Effects of Public Service Motivation of MZ Generation Public Officials on Job Stress and Public Service Job Satisfaction: Focused on the Impact of Covid-19

0

조회

0

다운로드

18

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류행정학

초록

본 연구는 코로나19 상황에 대한 고려하에서 대한민국의 MZ세대 공직자들의 직무스트레스와 공직만족도에 어떤 변화가 있었는지를 분석한 연구이다. 독립변수로 상정한 공공봉사동기와 종속변수인 공직만족도의 영향관계와 직무스트레스의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이와 함께 조직공정성이 공공봉사동기와 직무스트레스의 관계, 공공봉사동기와 공직만족도의 관계를 조절할 것인가도 함께 보았다. 한국행정연구원에서 매년 조사하는 공직생활실태조사 데이터를 코로나19 발생 이전인 2019년과 코로나19 발생 이후인 2021년을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과 가설처럼 양 시기에 공통적으로 공공봉사동기는 공직만족도에 정적으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 직무스트레스의 매개효과도 검증되었다. 이와 함께 조절변수로서 조직공정성의 효과는 분배적 공정성과 절차적 공정성이 공공봉사동기와 공직만족도의 영향관계, 공공봉사동기와 직무스트레스의 영향관계에 코로나 전・후 유의미한 차이를 나타났다. 대한민국 공직사회의 특성을 고려한 조직의 혁신 방향과 운영 관리 지침을 마련하는데 있어서 미래 핵심 주체인 MZ세대 구성원들의 직무스트레스와 공직만족도는 중요한 고려 사항이다. MZ세대 구성원들이 공직 근무를 통해 공공봉사동기를 함양하고, 이로부터 적극적으로 직무스트레스가 감소될 수 있도록 만드는 방법을 강구해야 한다. 이와 함께 공무원들의 조직공정성에 대한 긍정적인 인식이 향상되어 주체성과 충성심을 가지고 공직에 임하여 적극행정과 책임행정이 구현될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로 구성원들이 공공봉사동기를 내면화할 수 있도록 도움을 주는 리더 및 관리자들의 채용 및 배치, 교육 및 능력개발, 내적 동기부여 및 외적 인센티브 제도 마련을 제언한다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the changes in job stress and public service job satisfaction of MZ generation officials in Korea in consideration of the COVID-19 situation. The influence relationship between public service motivation assumed as an independent variable and public service job satisfaction, a dependent variable, and the mediating effect of job stress were verified. In addition, it was also examined whether organizational justice would control the relationship between public service motivation and job stress, and the relationship between public service motivation and public service job satisfaction. The Public Employee Perception Survey conducted annually by the Korea Institute of Public Administration was compared and analyzed in 2019 before the outbreak of COVID-19 and in 2021 after the outbreak of COVID-19. As hypothesized, public service motivation in both periods had a static effect on public service job satisfaction, and the mediating effect of job stress was also verified. In addition, the effect of organizational justice as a moderating variable showed significant differences before and after COVID-19 in the relationship between public service motivation and public service job satisfaction, and public service motivation and job stress. Job stress and public service job satisfaction of MZ generation members, who are key future players, are important considerations in preparing organizational innovation directions and operational management guidelines considering the characteristics of Korean public service society. It is necessary to devise ways to foster public service motivation through public service work and actively reduce job stress. In addition, public officials' positive perception of organizational justice should be improved so that active administration and responsible administration can be implemented by serving in public office with subjectivity and loyalty. Finally, it is suggested to recruit and deploy leaders and managers, develop education and capabilities, develop internal motivation, and prepare external incentive systems to help members internalize public service motivation.

참고문헌 (105)

  1. 김국진, "리더십 유형이 공무원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 공직만족도의 조절효과를 중심으로", 한국행정논집, 33(3), pp.511~549 (2021), 한국정부학회
  2. 김상묵, "한국인의 공공봉사동기: 세계적 보편성과 한국적 특수성" (2013), 집문당
  3. 김상묵, "공공봉사동기 연구의 성과와 과제", 정부학연구, 24(3), pp.43~112 (2018), 정부학연구소[DOI]
  4. 김정인, "Farrell 모형을 활용한 MZ세대 공무원들의 (불)공정성 인식과 반응행동 : MZ세대와 기성세대 공무원 비교연구", 한국행정연구, 30(4), pp.141~175 (2021), 한국행정연구원[DOI]
  5. 김정인, "포스트 코로나 시대, 신규임용 공무원의 조기퇴직 관리방안", 한국인사행정학회보, 20(1), pp.221~240 (2021), 한국인사행정학회
  6. 김정인, "MZ 세대 공무원의 이직의도: 한국과 미국 공무원 비교연구", 한국사회와 행정연구, 34(1), pp.167~195 (2023), 서울행정학회[DOI]
  7. 김태룡, "인적자원관리의 적실성에 관한 연구- 5급 경력경쟁채용제도를 중심으로 -", 한국지방자치연구, 14(4), pp.123~144 (2013), 대한지방자치학회
  8. 김필, "공공봉사동기와 이직의도: 정서적 몰입과 직무만족의 매개효과를 중심으로", 행정논총, 58(1), pp.73~108 (2020), 한국행정연구소
  9. 김필, "세대간 스마트워크 효과성에 대한 인식 차이에 대한 연구: MZ세대 공무원과 기타 세대 공무원을 대상으로", 한국인사행정학회보, 21(4), pp.1~30 (2022), 한국인사행정학회
  10. 나성민, "행정부의 공정한 업무수행이 MZ세대의 공정성 인식에 미치는 영향", 한국자치행정학보, 37(1), pp.153~169 (2023), 한국자치행정학회[DOI]
  11. 문창웅, "MZ 세대 공무원의 조직몰입: 재택근무와 육아 부담의 영향을 중심으로", 융합사회와 공공정책, 16(2), pp.31~80 (2022), 융합사회연구소
  12. 박현아, "청년들의 소득불평등에 대한 공정성 인식 - 불평등 관계의 다양성을 중심으로", 경제와 사회, (135), pp.278~313 (2022), 비판사회학회[DOI]
  13. 이윤경, "성과관리제도 및 인적자원관리제도에 대한 만족이 정부조직성과 및 공직만족도에 미치는 영향", 한국조직학회보, 12(4), pp.27~63 (2016), 한국조직학회[DOI]
  14. 이하영, "조직적 요인이 공무원의 공공봉사동기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 개인의 욕구체계를 중심으로", 한국인사행정학회보, 16(3), pp.53~91 (2017), 한국인사행정학회
  15. 이희정, "청년층 계층인식 변화가 공정성 인식에 미치는 영향 분석", 한국사회학, 52(3), pp.119~164 (2018), 한국사회학회
  16. 임혜빈, "성과평가의 공정성 인식이 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 : MZ세대의 조절효과를 중심으로", 지방정부연구, 26(2), pp.379~403 (2022), 한국지방정부학회[DOI]
  17. 정주리, "주관적 사회경제적 지위, 연령, 공정성 인식 간의 관계: 연령의 조절효과를 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 28(2), pp.219~239 (2022), 한국문화및사회문제심리학회[DOI]
  18. 정진원, "청년층의 기회 공정성 인식 결정요인: 중장년층 및 노년층과의 비교를 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 33(4), pp.135~161 (2022), 사회과학연구소
  19. 조경호, "공무원 직업만족도 변화와 인사관리 개선방안", 한국거버넌스학회보, 14(1), pp.241~260 (2007), 한국거버넌스학회[DOI]
  20. 조유선, "조직공정성 인식과 조직 내 반응행동(EVLN)에 대한 세대별・시기별 비교연구: 기성세대와 MZ세대 저연차 공무원을 중심으로", 현대사회와 행정, 33(1), pp.33~67 (2023), 한국국정관리학회
  21. 최무현, "공무원의 공공봉사동기와 직무태도에 대한 실증적 연구: 직무만족과 조직몰입을 중심으로", 지방정부연구, 17(1), pp.343~366 (2013), 한국지방정부학회
  22. 최선미, "공무원의 삶의 질의 영향요인에 관한 연구: 국가직 여부의 조절효과를 중심으로", 사회과학논집, 51(1), pp.183~213 (2020), 사회과학연구소[DOI]
  23. 공직 내 세대변화에 대응한 정부 인적자원관리의 개선방향, "최순영", 한국행정연구원, 2021~2011, pp.이슈페이퍼(한국행정연구원), 106:2021-11 (2021)
  24. 한승훈, "공무원 이직의도의 연관요인에 대한 추론과 예측에 관한 연구", 현대사회와 행정, 29(4), pp.147~173 (2019), 한국국정관리학회[DOI]
  25. 황성호, "MZ세대 공무원의 조직몰입과 이직의도 영향분석: 전국 17개 광역자치단체 소속 20~30대 공무원을 중심으로", 한국공공관리학보, 37(1), pp.217~251 (2023), 한국공공관리학회
  26. Adams, J. S., "Advances Experimental Social Psychology" (1965), Academic Press
  27. Alonso, P., "Public service motivation and job performance : Evidence from the federal sector", The American Review of Public Administration, 31(4), pp.363~380 (2001)
  28. Beehr, T. A., "Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness : A facet analysis, model, and literature review 1", Personnel psychology, 31(4), pp.665~699 (1978)
  29. Beehr, T. A., "The current debate about the meaning of job stress", Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 8(2), pp.5~18 (1987)
  30. Bies, R. J., "Research on Negotiations in Organizations, Vol. 1", pp.43~55 (1986), JAI Press
  31. Blau, G., "An empirical investigation of job stress, social support, service length, and job strain", Organizational behavior and human performance, 27(2), pp.279~302 (1981)
  32. Brewer, G. A., "Individual conceptions of public service motivation", Public Administration Review, 60(3), pp.254~264 (2000)
  33. Brewer, G. A., "Whistle blowers in the federal civil service : New evidence of the public service ethic", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(3), pp.413~440 (1998)
  34. Bright, L., "Public Employees with High Levels of Public Service Motivation : Who are they, Where are They", and What do They Want? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 25(2), pp.138~154 (2005)
  35. Caplan, R. D., "Person-environment fit theory and organizations : Commensurate dimensions, time perspectives, and mechanisms", Journal of Vocational behavior, 31(3), pp.248~267 (1987)
  36. Castaing, S., "The effects of psychological contract fulfilment and public service motivation on organizational commitment in the French civil service", Public policy and administration, 21(1), pp.84~98 (2006)
  37. 장세진, "한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화", Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 17(4), pp.297~317 (2005), 대한직업환경의학회
  38. Cheek, F. E., "The experience of stress for correction officers : A double-bind theory of correctional stress", Journal of Criminal justice, 11(2), pp.105~120 (1983)
  39. Colquitt. J. A., "On the Dimensionality of Organizational Justice : A Construct Validation of Measure", Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, pp.386~400 (2001)
  40. Crewson P. E., "Public-Service Motivation : Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7(4), pp.449~518 (1997)
  41. Dunham, R. B., "Organizational Commitment : The Utility of an Integrative Definition", Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3), pp.370~ (1994)
  42. Fasolo, P. M., "Organizational Politics, Justice, and Support: Managing the Social Climate of the Workplace", pp.185~195 (1995), Quorum
  43. Folger, R., "Effects of Procedural and Distributive Justice on Reactions to Pay Raise Decisions", Academy of Management Journal, 32, pp.115~130 (1989)
  44. French, D., "Fine structure of starch and its relationship to the organization of starch granules", Journal of the Japanese Society of starch Science, 19(1), pp.8~25 (1972)
  45. French, J. R., "Organizational stress and individual strain", The failure of success, 30(66), pp.61~77 (1972)
  46. French, J. R. P., "Definition and conceptualization of stress in organization", Organizational Behaviour and human Performance, pp.25~184 (1980)
  47. Hassan, A., "Role of Organizational Justice in Determining Work Outcomes of National and Expatriate Academic Staff in Malaysia", International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(1), pp.82~93 (2011)
  48. Hatmaker, D. M., "Encouraging Innovative Behavior: The Effects of Leader-Member Exchange and Public Service Motivation", Academy of Management Proceedings, pp.14260~ (2014)
  49. Hellriegel, D., "Organizational climate : Measures, research and contingencies", Academy of management Journal, 17(2), pp.255~280 (1974)
  50. Hellriegel, B., "Complex female reproductive tract morphology : its possible use in postcopulatory female choice", Journal of Theoretical Biology, 190(2), pp.179~186 (1998)
  51. Herzberg, F., "The Motivation to Work" (1959), Wiley & Sons
  52. Hoppock, R., "Job Satisfaction" (1935), Harper
  53. Houston, D. J., "Public-Service Motivation : A Multivariate Test", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(4), pp.713~727 (2000)
  54. Houston, D. J., ""Walking the walk"of public service motivation : Public employees and charitable gifts of time, blood, and money", Journal of public administration research and theory, 16(1), pp.67~86 (2006)
  55. Hayes, A. F., "Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis:A Regression-Based Approach" (2013), Guilford Publications
  56. Christopher, J. C., "Hermeneutics and the moral dimension of psychotherapy", Culture, psychotherapy, and counseling: Critical integrative perspectives, pp.179~203 (2006)
  57. Karasek Jr, R. A., "Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign", Administrative science quarterly, pp.285~308 (1979)
  58. Koo, J. W., "International Congress Series Vol. 1294", pp.175~178 (2006), Elsevier
  59. Kyriacou, C., "Teacher stress : Prevalence, sources, and symptoms", British journal of educational psychology, 48(2), pp.159~167 (1978)
  60. Kim, S., "Gender differences in the job satisfaction of public employees: a study of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea", Sex roles, 52(9), pp.667~681 (2005)
  61. Kim, S., "Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Korea", International Journal of Manpower, 27(8), pp.722~740 (2006)
  62. Kim, S., "Public Service Motivation, Organizational Social Capital, and Knowledge Sharing in the Korean Public Sector", Public Performance & Management Review, 41(1), pp.130~151 (2018)
  63. Lazarus, R. S., "Stress, appraisal, and coping" (1984), Springer publishing company
  64. Locke, E. A., "Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology" (1976), Rand McNally
  65. McGrath, J. G., "Handbook of Industrial and Oranizational Psychology" (1976)
  66. Meyer, J. P., "A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment", Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), pp.61~89 (1991)
  67. Miao, Q, "How Leadership and Public Service Motivation Enhance Innovative Behavior", Public Administration Review, 78(1), pp.71~81 (2018)
  68. Motowidlo, S. J., "Occupational stress : its causes and consequences for job performance", Journal of applied psychology, 71(4), pp.618~ (1986)
  69. Myers, K. K., "Millennials in the workplace: A communication persperctive on millennials’ organizational relationships and performance", Journal of business and psychology, 25(2), pp.225~238 (2010)
  70. Naff, K. C., "Working for America : Does public service motivation make a difference", Review of Public Personnel Administration, 19(4), pp.5~16 (1999)
  71. Nicholas, A. J., "Is teleworking for the millennial?", Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Management Information System’s 47th Annual Conference on Computer Personnel Research – SIGMIS-CPR ‘09. the special interest group on management information system’s 47th annual conference (2009)
  72. O’Brien, M., "Customer behavioral legitimacy in retail returns episodes : effects on retail salesperson role conflict", Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 17(3), pp.251~266 (2009)
  73. O’Connell, M. J., "The moderating effects of environment and structure on the satisfaction—tension—influence network", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 17(2), pp.351~366 (1976)
  74. Odewohn, C. A., "The Use of Measures of Job Satisfaction, Role Stress, Personal Competence and Supervisory Behavior in the Prediction of Union Membership in a Human Service Agency", Administration in Social Work (1980)[DOI]
  75. Osborne, R., "Managing Organizational Behavior" (1972), Wiley & Sons
  76. Parker, D. F., "Organizational determinants of job stress", Organizational behavior and human performance, 32(2), pp.160~177 (1983)
  77. Pearlin, L. I., "The structure of coping", Journal of health and social behavior, pp.2~21 (1978)
  78. Perry, J. L., "Revisiting the motivational bases of public service : Twenty years of research and an agenda for the future", Public administration review, 70(5), pp.681~690 (2010)
  79. Perry, J. L., "The Motivational Bases of Public Service", Public Administration Review, 50(3), pp.367~373 (1990)
  80. Pines, A. M., "Stress and burnout : The significant difference", Personality and individual differences, 39(3), pp.625~635 (2005)
  81. Porter, L. W., "Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians", Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), pp.603~609 (1974)
  82. Potipiroon, W., "Who is most influenced by justice perceptions? Assessing the role of occupational status", Review of Public Personnel Administration, 38(3), pp.271~302 (2018)
  83. Rainey, H. G., "Understanding and Managing Public Organizations" (2014), Jossey-Bass
  84. Rainey, H. G., "Galloping elephants : Developing elements of a theory of effective government organizations", Journal of public administration research and theory, 9(1), pp.1~32 (1999)
  85. Ritz, A., "Public service motivation : A systematic literature review and outlook", Public Administration Review, 76(3), pp.414~426 (2016)
  86. Robert, K., "Organizational Behavior", pp.1992, McGraw-Hill
  87. Roznowski, M., "The scientific merit of valid measures of general constructs with special reference to job satisfaction and job withdrawal", Job satisfaction: How people feel about their jobs and how it affects their performance, 165, pp.194~ (1992)
  88. Scott, P. G., "Red Tape and Public Service Motivation", Review of Public Personnel Administration, 25(2), pp.155~180 (2005)
  89. Smith, C. F., "THE DEGREE OF COMPROMISE AND ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN JOB-SATISFACTION EXPECTANCY IN THE INITIAL JOB INTERVIEW PROCESS", pp.1969
  90. Schneider, D. S., "A comparison of job satisfaction between public and private sector managers", Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), pp.68~83 (1993)
  91. Schuler, R. S., "Definition and conceptualization of stress in organizations", Organizational behavior and human performance, 25(2), pp.184~215 (1980)
  92. Selye, H., "The stress of life" (1956), McGraw-Hill
  93. Selye, H., "Forty years of stress research : principal remaining problems and misconceptions", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 115(1), pp.53~ (1976)
  94. Selye, H., "Handbook of Organizational Stress Coping Strategies" (1984), Ballinger Pub. co
  95. Smith, P. C., "The Prediction of Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Industrial Monotony", Journal of Applied Psychology, 39(5), pp.322~329 (1955)
  96. Spector, P. E., "Measurement of human service staff satisfaction : Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey", American journal of community psychology, 13(6), pp.693~ (1985)
  97. Stinchcomb, J. B., "Searching for stress in all the wrong places : Combating chronic organizational stressors in policing", Police practice and research, 5(3), pp.259~277 (2004)
  98. Taylor, J., "Organizational Influences, Public Service Motivation and Work Outcomes : An Australian Study", International Public Management Journal, 11(1), pp.67~88 (2008)
  99. Tyler, T. R., "Applied Social Psychology and Organizational Settings", pp.77~98 (1990), L. Erlbaum Associates
  100. Wang, Y., "Stress, burnout, and job satisfaction: Case of police force in China", Public personnel management, 43(3), pp.325~339 (2014)
  101. Warr, P., "Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being", Journal of occupational Psychology, 52(2), pp.129~148 (1979)
  102. Wollack, S., "Development of the survey of work values", Journal of Applied psychology, 55(4), pp.331~ (1971)
  103. Wu, L., "An investigation of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and role conflict and ambiguity in a sample of Chinese undergraduate nursing students", Nurse education today, 26(4), pp.304~314 (2006)
  104. Vroom, V. H, "Work and Motivation" (1964), Wiley & Sons
  105. Vandenabeele, W., "Towards a Theory of Public Service Motivation : An Institutional Approach", Public Management Review, 9(4), pp.545~556 (2007)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)