식품비 지출 변화의 요인 분해
A Decomposition of the Changes in Household Food Expenditure
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이 논문은 우리나라 가구의 식품비 지출에서 나타난 변화를 각 인구사회 요인별로 분해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 통계청의 횡단면 가계조사자료를 사용하여 평균 지출액과 지출액의 분포 측면에서 발생한 식품비 지출의 변화를 고령화, 1인 가구 증가, 가구원 수 감소 등을 포함한 여러 인구사회적인 영향 요인으로 분해하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 2006년과 2015년 사이에 나타난 식품비 지출의 변화에는 두 시기에 나타난 선호 변화 효과(간편화, 편리성 추구, 건강에 대한 관심 증가로 인한 소비 변화 등) 이외에도 인구사회 요인의 효과도 크게 기여한 것으로 분석되었다. 주목할 점은 식품부류별로 다소 차이가 있지만, 식품비 지출 감소와 가구 간 식품비 지출 격차 증가에 가구소득이외에 가구주 연령 증가와 가구원 수의 감소(또는 1인 가구 비중 증가)가 상대적으로 크게 기여한 점이다.
Abstract
Focusing on the changes in the demographic spectrum of Korean society in recent years, this paper decomposes the changes in Korean households' food expenditures into various socio-demographic factors and examines how much each explanatory factor accounts for changes in the expenditures by food items. The changes in the food expenditures were evaluated by two measures: average expenditures and expenditure inequality. The demographic factors include the age of household head, the shares of single-person households and households with two or more persons, household income, the share of dual income households, and the share of female households. According to the estimation results, the socio-demographic effects as well as preference effects were found to significantly influence the changes in the average food expenditures between 2006 and 2015. Also, it was found that the factors mostly contributing to rising food expenditure inequality were the increase in the age of the household heads and the decrease in the share of the households with two or more persons. These findings imply that it is necessary to establish a public food assistance system for nutritionally vulnerable groups such as elderly households and low income households.
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