한국과 독일 청소년의 권리와 의무의 이해
Understanding Rights and Duties in Korean and German Adolescents
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한국과 독일 청소년들이 권리와 의무를 어떻게 이해하고 있는가를 문화비교 분석을 하기 위하여 권리와 의무의 정의, 결정주체, 가장 중요한 권리와 의무, 청소년들이 성인과 동등한 권리와 의무를 갖지 않고 있는 것에 대한 태도를 조사하였다. 조사 대상은 만 12세에서 16세 사이의 독일 청소년 124명, 한국 청소년 16명이다. 한국과 독일 청소년들의 권리와 의무 개념의 이해를 구별하는 큰 특징은 독일의 청소년들이 권리와 의무를 외적 조건과 연결시켜 파악하고 있어서 권리를 허가, 합법적인 것으로, 의무를 외적 규제로 이해하고 있는 반면에, 한국의 청소년들은 올바른 삶과 같이 규범의 내면화된 상태로 인식하고 있었다. 개인의 권리와 의무의 결정 주체에 대해서 독일 청소년들은 법적 제도적 측면을 강조한 반면에, 한국 청소년들은 내적 정향과 관계적 정향을 더 강하게 보였다. 청소년과 성인이 동등한 권리와 의무를 갖지 않는 것에 동의한 이유를 독일 청소년들이 능력과 자원의 부족이라고 한 것과는 대조적으로 한국 청소년들은 역할과 지위와 같은 인습적 요인을 고려하였다.
Abstract
To find out how adolescents' concepts of rights and duties are influenced by culture, we carried out a questionnaire study with German and Korean adolescents between 12 and 16 years old. The questionnaire with open-ended questions includes the definition of right and duty, the authority, who lays down their rights and duties, nomination of one's most important rights and duties, and attitude toward to unequal rights and duties for adolescents and adults. The sample consisted of 124 German and 116 Korean adolescents. The results show the different orientation of the view of rights and duties between German and Korean samples, outward in Germans and inward in Koreans. For Germans, right and duty are connected to the outer conditions of one's actions. To hold a right means for them the permission and the legality. For Koreans, the concept of rights primarily relates to the inner experiences of being respected and appreciated, and feelings associated with the strongly internalized norm. While Germans focus on the legal and political authority that lays down their rights and duties, the Korean adolescents perceive themselves as establishers of their own rights and duties. Korean adolescents tend to refer to the conventional factors such as the role and the status to justify differences between adults' and adolescents' rights and duties, whereas their German peers more often consider the qualifications or the consequences of equal rights and duties.
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