Fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and microbial community of tropical forage silage under different temperatures
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: In tropical regions, as in temperate regions where seasonality of forage production occurs, well-preserved forage is necessary for animal production during periods of forage shortage. However, the unique climate conditions (hot and humid) and forage characteristics (high moisture content and low soluble carbohydrate) in the tropics make forage preservation more difficult. The current study used natural ensiling of tropical forage as a model to evaluate silage characteristics under different temperatures (28°C and 40°C). Methods: Four tropical forages (king grass, paspalum, white popinac, and stylo) were ensiled under different temperatures (28°C and 40°C). After ensiling for 30 and 60 days, samples were collected to examine the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community. Results: High concentrations of acetic acid (ranging from 7.8 to 38.5 g/kg dry matter [DM]) were detected in silages of king grass, paspalum and stylo with relatively low DM (ranging from 23.9% to 30.8% fresh material [FM]) content, acetic acid production was promoted with increased temperature and prolonged ensiling. Small concentrations of organic acid (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/kg DM) were detected in silage of white popinac with high DM content (50.8% FM). The microbial diversity analysis indicated that Cyanobacteria originally dominated the bacterial community for these four tropical forages and was replaced by Lactobacillus and Enterobacter after ensiling. Conclusion: The results suggested that forage silages under tropical climate conditions showed enhanced acetate fermentation, while high DM materials showed limited fermentation. Lactobacillus and Enterobacter were the most probable genera responsible for tropical silage fermentation.
Abstract
Objective: In tropical regions, as in temperate regions where seasonality of forage production occurs, well-preserved forage is necessary for animal production during periods of forage shortage. However, the unique climate conditions (hot and humid) and forage characteristics (high moisture content and low soluble carbohydrate) in the tropics make forage preservation more difficult. The current study used natural ensiling of tropical forage as a model to evaluate silage characteristics under different temperatures (28°C and 40°C). Methods: Four tropical forages (king grass, paspalum, white popinac, and stylo) were ensiled under different temperatures (28°C and 40°C). After ensiling for 30 and 60 days, samples were collected to examine the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community. Results: High concentrations of acetic acid (ranging from 7.8 to 38.5 g/kg dry matter [DM]) were detected in silages of king grass, paspalum and stylo with relatively low DM (ranging from 23.9% to 30.8% fresh material [FM]) content, acetic acid production was promoted with increased temperature and prolonged ensiling. Small concentrations of organic acid (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/kg DM) were detected in silage of white popinac with high DM content (50.8% FM). The microbial diversity analysis indicated that Cyanobacteria originally dominated the bacterial community for these four tropical forages and was replaced by Lactobacillus and Enterobacter after ensiling. Conclusion: The results suggested that forage silages under tropical climate conditions showed enhanced acetate fermentation, while high DM materials showed limited fermentation. Lactobacillus and Enterobacter were the most probable genera responsible for tropical silage fermentation.
참고문헌 (35)
- Panditharatne S, "Ensiling characteristics of tropical grasses as influenced by stage of growth, additives and chopping length", J Anim Sci, 63, pp.197~207 (1986)
- McDonald P, "The biochemistry of silage" (1991), Chalcombe Publications
- Bayorbor TB, "Fermentation quality and feeding value of panic grasses and rhodesgrass silages", J Jpn Soc Grassl Sci, 39, pp.334~342 (1993)
- Kim KH, "Comparative studies of ensiling characteristics between temperate and tropical species: 2. Mechanical pretreatments and changes in water soluble carbohydrate fractions during ensilage", J Jpn Soc Grassl Sci, 36, pp.426~433 (1991)
- Weinberg ZG, "The effect of temperature on the ensiling process of corn and wheat", J Appl Microbiol, 90, pp.561~566 (2001)
- Ashbell G, "The effects of temperature on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages", J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 28, pp.261~263 (2002)
- Wang C, "Effects of storage temperature and ensiling period on fermentation products, aerobic stability and microbial communities of total mixed ration silage", J Appl Microbiol, 114, pp.1687~1695 (2013)
- Broderick GA, "Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino-acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media", J Dairy Sci, 63, pp.64~75 (1980)
- Latimer GW, "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International" (2012), AOAC International
- Van Soest PJ, "Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition", J Dairy Sci, 74, pp.3583~3597 (1991)
- Murphy RP, "A method for the extraction of plant samples and the determination of total soluble carbohydrates", J Sci Food Agric, 9, pp.714~717 (1958)
- Ni K, "Comparative microbiota assessment of wilted Italian ryegrass, whole crop corn, and wilted alfalfa silage using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing", Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 101, pp.1385~1394 (2017)
- Zheng M, "Dynamics of microbial community during ensiling direct‐cut alfalfa with and without LAB inoculant and sugar", J Appl Microbiol, 122, pp.1456~1470 (2017)
- Li L, "Effect of microalgae supplementation on the silage quality and anaerobic digestion performance of Manyflower silvergrass", Bioresour Technol, 189, pp.334~340 (2015)
- Parvin S, "Bacterial community associated with ensilage process of wilted guinea grass", J Appl Microbiol, 107, pp.2029~2036 (2009)
- Yu Zhu, "Chemical Changes during Ensilage and In sacco Degradation of Two Tropical Grasses: Rhodesgrass and Guineagrass Treated with Cell Wall-degrading Enzymes", Animal Bioscience, 24(2), pp.214~221 (2011), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Nishino N, "Effects of wilting and molasses addition on fermentation and bacterial community in guinea grass silage", Lett Appl Microbiol, 54, pp.175~181 (2012)
- Kim SC, "Influence of ensiling temperature, simulated rainfall, and delayed sealing on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage", J Dairy Sci, 89, pp.3122~3132 (2006)
- Liu Q, "The effects of wilting and storage temperature on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of stylo silage", Anim Sci J, 82, pp.549~553 (2011)
- Danner H, "Acetic acid increases stability of silage under aerobic conditions", Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, pp.562~567 (2003)
- Li M, "Effects of sucrose, glucose, molasses and cellulase on fermentation quality and in vitro gas production of king grass silage", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 197, pp.206~212 (2014)
- Nishino N, "Ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of direct-cut and wilted grass silages inoculated with Lactobacillus casei, or Lactobacillus buchneri", J Sci Food Agric, 85, pp.1882~1888 (2005)
- Silva VP, "Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential on the fermentation profile and chemical composition of alfalfa silage in tropical conditions", J Dairy Sci, 99, pp.1895~1902 (2016)
- Santos AO, "Fermentative profile and bacterial diversity of corn silages inoculated with new tropical lactic acid bacteria", J Appl Microbiol, 120, pp.266~279 (2015)
- Pereira OG, "Chemical composition, characterization, and population of microorganisms on elephantgrass"Cameroon"(Pennisetum purpureum, Schum)and its silages", Rev Bras Zootec, 36, pp.1742~1750 (2007)
- Garcia AD, "Effects of temperature, moisture, and aeration on fermentation of alfalfa silage", J Dairy Sci, 72, pp.93~103 (1989)
- Rooke JA, "Silage Science and Technology, American Society of Agronomy", pp.95~139 (2003), ASA–CSSA–SSSA
- Ostling C, "Influences of enterobacteria on the fermentation and aerobic stability of grass silages", Grass Forage Sci, 50, pp.41~47 (1995)
- Grill JP, "Characterization of fructose 6 phosphate phosphoketolases purified from Bifidobacterium species", Curr Microbiol, 31, pp.49~54 (1995)
- Zheng ML, "Dynamics of microbial community during ensiling direct‐cut alfalfa with and without lab inoculant and sugar", J Appl Microbiol, 122, pp.1456~1470 (2017)
- Eikmeyer FG, "Metagenome analyses reveal the influence of the inoculant Lactobacillus buchneri CD034 on the microbial community involved in grass ensiling", J Biotechnol, 167, pp.334~343 (2013)
- Romero JJ, "Laboratory silo type and inoculation effects on nutritional composition, fermentation, and bacterial and fungal communities of oat silage", J Dairy Sci, 100, pp.1812~1828 (2017)
- Ni K, "Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage", Bioresour Technol, 238, pp.706~715 (2017)
- Muck RE, "Silage Science and Technology", pp.251~304 (2003), ASA–CSSA–SSSA
- Singh AP, "Effect of wilting on silage quality of tropical grasses harvested at different intervals", Indian J Anim Sci, 69, pp.727~729 (1999)
