살인사건 피해 유족의 심리·사회적 경험과 요구사항에 관한 연구
Psychosocial Experiences and Needs of Bereaved Families of Homicide Victims
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이 연구는 살인사건 피해 유족의 심리·사회적 경험과 요구사항을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 연구자료는 살인사건 유족이 범죄피해평가 절차 중 피해진술서를 작성한 5건의 사례를 활용하였고, 연구방법은 반복적 비교분석법을 통해 1·2차 범주화 및 범주 확인 절차로 진행되었다. 연구 결과, 살인사건 유족의 심리적 경험의 첫째 상위요인 “애도과정”은 ‘피해자에 대한 추억 회상’, ‘피해자의 긍정적 측면 강조’, ‘피해자 고통에 동일시’, ‘피해자를 회상하며 느끼는 고통’, ‘유족 간 걱정’으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 상위요인 “심리적 급성스트레스 증상”은 ‘신체화’, ‘재경험’, ‘불면’, ‘두려움’, ‘자책감’, ‘불안감’, ‘가해자를 향한 분노’, ‘사법기관에 대한 분노’로 나타났다. 사회적 경험의 상위요인인 “일상생활 부정적 경험”은 ‘현실적 경제적 문제 직면’, ‘유족 간 상처’, ‘대인관계 철수’, ‘업무 및 학업 능력 저하’로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 유족의 요구사항은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 상위요인 “유족의 현실적 문제”는 ‘경제적 문제 지원’, ‘피해자 중심 지원’으로 구분되었고, 둘째, 상위요인 “수사과정 개입을 통한 피해자 억울함 해소”는 하위요인으로 ‘피해자의 억울함 해소’, ‘공정한 수사 절차 및 가해자 강력처벌’로 명목화 하였다. 결과를 통해 실무 현장에서 유족 초기개입 실무자의 대응 전략과 유족들의 요구사항과 관련된 정책적 제언을 하였다.
Abstract
This study examined the psychosocial experiences and needs of bereaved families of homicide victims. Research data were collected using five cases where bereaved families completed victim statements during the crime victim assessment process. A repeated comparative analysis was conducted to explore their experiences through primary and secondary categorization and category validation procedures. The results revealed two primary factors in the psychological experiences of homicide victims' bereaved families: The first primary factor was the “bereavement process” consisting of “recalling memories of the victim”.“emphasizing positive aspects of the victim”, “identifying with the victim's suffering”, “feeling pain remembering the victim,” and “concern over other bereaved family members”. The second primary factor, “psychological acute stress symptoms,” was comprised of ‘somatization’, ‘re-experiencing’, ‘insomnia’, ‘fear’, ‘self-blame’, ‘anxiety’, ‘anger toward the perpetrator’, and ‘anger toward judicial institutions’. The primary factor under social relationship change experiences, “negative experiences in daily life,” was identified as consisting of ‘facing real economic problems’, ‘bereaved family members hurting each other’, ‘withdrawal from interpersonal relationships’, and ‘decline in work and academic ability’. Finally, the bereaved families' needs were as follows. First, the primary factor “bereaved families' practical problems” was subdivided into ‘support for economic problems’ and ‘victim-centered support’. Second, another primary factor “alleviating the victim's sense of injustice through intervention in the investigation process” was categorized into ‘alleviating the victim's sense of injustice’ and ‘fair investigation procedures and strong punishment of the perpetrator’. Based on the results, policy recommendations were made regarding the response strategies of practitioners involved in initial bereaved family intervention and responding to the bereaved families’ needs.