아동학대 경험에 따른 얼굴표정 정서인식의 차이
Differences in facial emotion recognition according to experiences of childhood maltreatment
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본 연구는 아동학대 경험, 특히 학대 유형에 따른 얼굴표정 정서인식의 차이를 확인하였다. 아동기 피학대 경험 척도 점수로 아동학대 유형을 학대(n=9), 학대 및 방임(n=10) 및 통제(n=15)의 세 집단으로 구성하였다. 세 집단을 대상으로 상향 및 하향과제로 구성된 몰핑된 얼굴 과제를 실시하였다. 상향과제에서는 정서가가 0%인 중립 얼굴표정에서 100%인 극단 얼굴표정까지 2% 간격으로 몰핑한 네 가지 얼굴표정(i.e., 기쁨, 분노, 두려움, 슬픔) 자극을 순차적으로 제시하여, 정서를 인식한 시점의 정서 강도 및 인식한 정서 유형을 측정하였다. 하향과제에서는 극단 얼굴표정을 제시하여 인식한 정서 유형을 측정한 후, 극단에서 중립 얼굴표정으로 변하는 과정에서 정서가 사라졌다고 인식하는 강도를 측정하였다. 아동학대 유형에 따른 얼굴표정 정서인식 관련 측정치 분석 결과, 학대집단과 학대 및 방임집단은 통제집단에 비해 슬픔 표정에 대한 정서인식 정확성이 낮았으며, 이를 분노로 오해석하는 경향이 유의하였다. 더불어 학대 및 방임집단은 학대집단에 비해 기쁨 표정에 대한 낮은 정서인식 정확성을 보였으며, 기쁨을 분노로 오해석하였다. 반면 정서인식 민감성에서는 세 집단 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 아동학대를 경험한 성인이 얼굴표정 정서인식에서 보이는 분노에 대한 편향 가능성과 학대와 방임을 함께 경험한 사람들이 더 심각한 양상의 정서인식 편향을 보일 가능성을 시사한다. 얼굴표정 정서인식과 심리사회적 부적응 및 정신 병리의 관련성을 고려할 때, 아동학대 경험이 있는 개인에게 나타나는 얼굴표정 정서인식 편향을 다루는 개입이 필요하다.
Abstract
This study investigated whether experience of childhood maltreatment affected facial emotion recognition, and whether this impact differed depending on the type of maltreatment. Two groups that experienced maltreatment (an abuse only group (n=9) and a group with both abuse and neglect (n=10)) and a control group without the experience of maltreatment (n=15) were classified. These groups participated in ascending and descending morphed facial tasks. In the ascending task, sequences of neutral faces slowly changing to full-intensity happy, angry, fearful, and sad expressions were presented, and the participants were asked to respond when they identified emotions in facial expression. In the descending task, the same stimuli were presented in reverse order, and participants responded when they recognized the disappearance of an emotion in facial expression. The results indicated that participants with a history of childhood maltreatment were less accurate in recognizing sad expressions than the control group, and more likely to misinterpret sad facial expressions as angry ones. Moreover, compared to the abuse only group, the group with both abuse and neglect showed a lower level of emotion recognition accuracy with regard to happy facial expressions, and were more likely to misinterpret happy facial expressions as angry ones. There were no significant differences between the groups in emotion intensity. The results suggest that childhood experiences of maltreatment are associated with facial emotion recognition biases in adulthood, especially in terms of anger. Furthermore, adults with a history of both abuse and neglect have more severe biases than individuals with only experiences of abuse. The current results warrant the need for addressing facial emotional recognition biases in individuals with experiences of childhood maltreatment, given its significant association with psychosocial maladjustment and psychopathology.
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