본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

What we know about nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity

2

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류내과학

초록

Nonsteroidal anti-inf lammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but their use is frequently related to hypersensitivity reactions. This review outlines our current knowledge of NSAID hypersensitivity (NHS) with regard to its pathogenic, molecular, and genetic mechanisms, as well as diagnosis and treatment. The presentation of NHS varies from a local (skin and/or airways) reaction to systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. At the molecular level, NHS reactions can be classified as cross-reactive (mediated by cyclooxygenase inhibition) or selective (specific activation of immunoglobulin E antibodies or T cells). Genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic factors have been shown to be closely associated with NHS, and may be useful as predictive markers. To diagnose NHS, inhalation or oral challenge tests are applied, with the exclusion of any cross-reactive NSAIDs. For patients diagnosed with NHS, absolute avoidance of NSAIDs/aspirin is essential, and pharmacological treatment, including biologics, is often used to control their respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. Finally, desensitization is recommended only for selected patients with NHS. However, further research is required to develop new diagnostic methods and more effective treatments against NHS.

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inf lammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but their use is frequently related to hypersensitivity reactions. This review outlines our current knowledge of NSAID hypersensitivity (NHS) with regard to its pathogenic, molecular, and genetic mechanisms, as well as diagnosis and treatment. The presentation of NHS varies from a local (skin and/or airways) reaction to systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. At the molecular level, NHS reactions can be classified as cross-reactive (mediated by cyclooxygenase inhibition) or selective (specific activation of immunoglobulin E antibodies or T cells). Genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic factors have been shown to be closely associated with NHS, and may be useful as predictive markers. To diagnose NHS, inhalation or oral challenge tests are applied, with the exclusion of any cross-reactive NSAIDs. For patients diagnosed with NHS, absolute avoidance of NSAIDs/aspirin is essential, and pharmacological treatment, including biologics, is often used to control their respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. Finally, desensitization is recommended only for selected patients with NHS. However, further research is required to develop new diagnostic methods and more effective treatments against NHS.

참고문헌 (125)

  1. Conaghan PG, "A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity", Rheumatol Int, 32, pp.1491~1502 (2012)
  2. Marek L. Kowalski, "Seven Steps to the Diagnosis of NSAIDs Hypersensitivity: How to Apply a New Classification in Real Practice?", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 7(4), pp.312~320 (2015), 대한천식알레르기학회
  3. Kasper L, "Prevalence of asthma with aspirin hypersensitivity in the adult population of Poland", Allergy, 58, pp.1064~1066 (2003)
  4. Erbagci Z, "Multiple NSAID intolerance in chronic idiopathic urticaria is correlated with delayed, pronounced and prolonged autoreactivity", J Dermatol, 31, pp.376~382 (2004)
  5. 예영민, "Predictors of the Severity and Serious Outcomes of Anaphylaxis in Korean Adults: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Study", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 7(1), pp.22~29 (2015), 대한천식알레르기학회
  6. Demoly P, "International Consensus on drug allergy", Allergy, 69, pp.420~437 (2014)
  7. Kowalski ML, "Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Classification, diagnosis and management: review of the EAACI", ENDA(#) and GA2LEN, Allergy, pp.2011, 66[DOI]
  8. Gomez F, "Genetic basis of hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs", Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 15, pp.285~293 (2015)
  9. Dona I, "Characteristics of subjects experiencing hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: patterns of response", Clin Exp Allergy, 41, pp.86~95 (2011)
  10. Kowal-Bielecka O, "Mechanisms of disease: leukotrienes and lipoxins in scleroderma lung disease. Insights and potential therapeutic implications", Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol, 3, pp.43~51 (2007)
  11. Hofmeier KS, "Hypersensitivity reactions to modern antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs", Allergo J Int, 24, pp.58~66 (2015)
  12. Blanca-Lopez N, "Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children and adolescents: cross-intolerance reactions", J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol, 25, pp.259~269 (2015)
  13. Stone SF, "Immediate-type hypersensitivity drug reactions", Br J Clin Pharmacol, 78, pp.1~13 (2014)
  14. 문희범, "The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Asthma", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 2(3), pp.183~187 (2010), 대한천식알레르기학회
  15. Palikhe S, "Elevated platelet activation in patients with chronic urticaria: a comparison between aspirin-intolerant and aspirin-tolerant groups", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 113, pp.276~281 (2014)
  16. Matsuo H, "Aspirin augments IgE-mediated histamine release from human peripheral basophils via Syk kinase activation", Allergol Int, 62, pp.503~511 (2013)
  17. Kacprzak D, "Does aspirin-induced oxidative stress cause asthma exacerbation?", Arch Med Sci, 11, pp.494~504 (2015)
  18. Bruno A, "Variability in the response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanisms and perspectives", Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 114, pp.56~63 (2014)
  19. Reiss AB, "Recent insights into the role of prostanoids in atherosclerotic vascular disease", Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 4, pp.395~408 (2006)
  20. Hedi H, "5-Lipoxygenase pathway, dendritic cells, and adaptive immunity", J Biomed Biotechnol, 2004, pp.99~105 (2004)
  21. Meade EA, "Differential inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase)isozymes by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs", J Biol Chem, 268, pp.6610~6614 (1993)
  22. Vane JR, "The mode of action of aspirin and similar compounds", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 58, pp.691~712 (1976)
  23. Kupczyk M, "Lipoxin A4 generation is decreased in aspirin-sensitive patients in lysine-aspirin nasal challenge in vivo model", Allergy, 64, pp.1746~1752 (2009)
  24. Kowalski ML, "Classification and practical approach to the diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs", Allergy, 68, pp.1219~1232 (2013)
  25. Sastre B, "Role of PGE2 in asthma and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis", Mediators Inflamm, 2012, pp.645383~ (2012)
  26. Ricciotti E, "Prostaglandins and inflammation", Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 31, pp.986~1000 (2011)
  27. Beller TC, "Targeted gene disruption reveals the role of the cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor in increased vascular permeability and in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice", J Biol Chem, 279, pp.46129~46134 (2004)
  28. Paruchuri S, "Leukotriene E4-induced pulmonary inflammation is mediated by the P2Y12receptor", J Exp Med, 206, pp.2543~2555 (2009)
  29. Gauvreau GM, "Inhaled leukotriene E(4), but not leukotriene D(4), increased airway inflammatory cells in subjects with atopic asthma", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164(8 Pt 1), pp.1495~1500 (2001)
  30. Cummings HE, "Cutting edge: leukotriene C4 activates mouse platelets in plasma exclusively through the type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor", J Immunol, 191, pp.5807~5810 (2013)
  31. Sanak M, "Aspirin-tolerant asthmatics generate more lipoxins than aspirin-intolerant asthmatics", Eur Respir J, 16, pp.44~49 (2000)
  32. Fierro IM, "Lipoxin A4and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A4 inhibit human neutrophil migration: comparisons between synthetic 15 epimers in chemotaxis and transmigration with microvessel endothelial cells and epithelial cells", J Immunol, 170, pp.2688~2694 (2003)
  33. Bonnans C, "Lipid mediators as agonists for the resolution of acute lung inflammation and injury", Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 36, pp.201~205 (2007)
  34. Hsieh CW, "A disease marker for aspirin-induced chronic urticaria", Int J Mol Sci, 15, pp.12591~12603 (2014)
  35. Blanca M, "Angioedema and IgE antibodies to aspirin: a case report", Ann Allergy, 62, pp.295~298 (1989)
  36. Bolze S, "Development of an in vitro screening model for the biosynthesis of acyl glucuronide metabolites and the assessment of their reactivity toward human serum albumin", Drug Metab Dispos, 30, pp.404~413 (2002)
  37. Berkes EA, "Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to aspirin and other NSAIDs", Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 24, pp.137~148 (2003)
  38. Altrichter S, "IgE mediated autoallergy against thyroid peroxidase: a novel pathomechanism of chronic spontaneous urticaria?", PLoS One, 6, pp.e14794~ (2011)
  39. 신유섭, "Serum Specific IgE to Thyroid Peroxidase Activates Basophils in Aspirin Intolerant Urticaria", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 30(6), pp.705~709 (2015), 대한의학회
  40. Gibbs BF, "Initial Fc epsilon RI-mediated signal strength plays a key role in regulating basophil signaling and deactivation", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 118, pp.1060~1067 (2006)
  41. Wojnar RJ, "Augmentation of allergic histamine release from human leukocytes by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory-analgesic agents", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 66, pp.37~45 (1960)
  42. Hyman MH, "Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions", Ann Intern Med, 140, pp.W35~ (2004)
  43. Gallo PM, "The dendritic cell response to classic, emerging, and homeostatic danger signals. Implications for autoimmunity", Front Immunol, 4, pp.138~ (2013)
  44. Antczak A, "Increased exhaled cysteinyl-leukotrienes and 8-isoprostane in aspirin-induced asthma", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166, pp.301~306 (2002)
  45. Dworski R, "Allergen-induced synthesis of F(2)-isoprostanes in atopic asthmatics. Evidence for oxidant stress", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160, pp.1947~1951 (1999)
  46. Idzko M, "Role of platelets in allergic airway inflammation", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 135, pp.1416~1423 (2015)
  47. Chandrashekar L, "Platelet activation in chronic urticaria and its correlation with disease severity", Platelets, 25, pp.162~165 (2014)
  48. Szczeklik A, "Natural history of aspirin-induced asthma. AIANE Investigators. European Network on Aspirin-Induced Asthma", Eur Respir J, 16, pp.432~436 (2000)
  49. Purevsuren Losol, "Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Chronic Urticaria", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 6(1), pp.13~21 (2014), 대한천식알레르기학회
  50. Sanak M, "Enhanced expression of the leukotriene C(4) synthase due to overactive transcription of an allelic variant associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma", Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 23, pp.290~296 (2000)
  51. Mastalerz L, "Familial aggregation of aspirin-induced urticaria and leukotriene C synthase allelic variant", Br J Dermatol, 154, pp.256~260 (2006)
  52. Van Sambeek R, "5’Flanking region polymorphism of the gene encoding leukotriene C4 synthase does not correlate with the aspirin-intolerant asthma phenotype in the United States", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 106(1 Pt 1), pp.72~76 (2000)
  53. Choi JH, "Leukotriene-related gene polymorphisms in ASA-intolerant asthma : an association with a haplotype of 5-lipoxygenase", Hum Genet, 114, pp.337~344 (2004)
  54. Kawagishi Y, "Leukotriene C4synthase promoter polymorphism in Japanese patients with aspirin-induced asthma", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 109, pp.936~942 (2002)
  55. Kim SH, "Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 promoter polymorphism is associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma in males", Clin Exp Allergy, 36, pp.433~439 (2006)
  56. Kim SH, "CysLTR1 promoter polymorphism and requirement for leukotriene receptor antagonist in aspirin-intolerant asthma patients", Pharmacogenomics, 8, pp.1143~1150 (2007)
  57. Park JS, "Association analysis of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 2(CYSLTR2)polymorphisms with aspirin intolerance in asthmatics", Pharmacogenet Genomics, 15, pp.483~492 (2005)
  58. Sousa AR, "Leukotriene-receptor expression on nasal mucosal inflammatory cells in aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis", N Engl J Med, 347, pp.1493~1499 (2002)
  59. Adamusiak AM, "Expression of arachidonate metabolism enzymes and receptors in nasal polyps of aspirin-hypersensitive asthmatics", Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 157, pp.354~362 (2012)
  60. Szczeklik W, "Functional effects and gender association of COX-2 gene polymorphism G-765C in bronchial asthma", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 114, pp.248~253 (2004)
  61. 김승현, "Leukotriene-related Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Aspirin-intolerant Urticaria and Aspirin-intolerant Asthma:Differing Contributions of ALOX5 Polymorphism in Korean Population", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 20(6), pp.926~931 (2005), 대한의학회
  62. Cornejo-Garcia JA, "Genetic variants of the arachidonic acid pathway in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced acute urticaria", Clin Exp Allergy, 42, pp.1772~1781 (2012)
  63. Lee HY, "Lack of association of ALOX12 and ALOX15 polymorphisms with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in Korean patients", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 103, pp.84~86 (2009)
  64. Palikhe NS, "Association of thromboxane A2 receptor(TBXA2R)gene polymorphism in patients with aspirin-intolerant acute urticaria", Clin Exp Allergy, 41, pp.179~185 (2011)
  65. Kim SH, "Association between polymorphisms in prostanoid receptor genes and aspirin-intolerant asthma", Pharmacogenet Genomics, 17, pp.295~304 (2007)
  66. Kim SH, "Association of thromboxane A2 receptor gene polymorphism with the phenotype of acetyl salicylic acid-intolerant asthma", Clin Exp Allergy, 35, pp.585~590 (2005)
  67. Oh SH, "Association analysis of thromboxane A synthase 1 gene polymorphisms with aspirin intolerance in asthmatic patients", Pharmacogenomics, 12, pp.351~363 (2011)
  68. Vidal C, "Association of thromboxane A1 synthase(TBXAS1)gene polymorphism with acute urticaria induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 132, pp.989~991 (2013)
  69. Palikhe NS, "Genetic variability of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 gene in aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria", J Hum Genet, 57, pp.494~499 (2012)
  70. 박병래, "Association of PTGER gene family polymorphisms with aspirin intolerant asthma in Korean asthmatics", BMB Reports, 43(6), pp.445~449 (2010), 생화학분자생물학회
  71. Toshiaki Kawakami, "Histamine-Releasing Factor and Immunoglobulins in Asthma and Allergy", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 6(1), pp.6~12 (2014), 대한천식알레르기학회
  72. Palikhe NS, "Association of three sets of high-affinity IgE receptor(FcepsilonR1)polymorphisms with aspirin-intolerant asthma", Respir Med, 102, pp.1132~1139 (2008)
  73. Bae JS, "Significant association of FcepsilonRIalpha promoter polymorphisms with aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 119, pp.449~456 (2007)
  74. Yamauchi K, "Structure and function of human histamine N-methyltransferase: critical enzyme in histamine metabolism in airway", Am J Physiol, 267(3 Pt 1), pp.L342~L349 (1994)
  75. Kim SH, "Histamine N-methyltransferase 939A>G polymorphism affects mRNA stability in patients with acetylsalicylic acid-intolerant chronic urticaria", Allergy, 64, pp.213~221 (2009)
  76. Pope SM, "IL-13 induces eosinophil recruitment into the lung by an IL-5-and eotaxin-dependent mechanism", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 108, pp.594~601 (2001)
  77. McLeod JJ, "Mast cell production and response to IL-4 and IL-13", Cytokine, 75, pp.57~61 (2015)
  78. Kim BS, "Effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the interleukin-4 promoter on aspirin intolerance in asthmatics and interleukin-4promoter activity", Pharmacogenet Genomics, 20, pp.748~758 (2010)
  79. Nami Shrestha Palikhe, "No evidence of association between interleukin-13 gene polymorphism in aspirin intolerant chronic urticaria", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 1(1), pp.36~40 (2009), 대한천식알레르기학회
  80. 박해심, "IL-13 Gene Polymorphisms are Associated With Rhinosinusitis and Eosinophilic Inflammation in Aspirin Intolerant Asthma", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 2(2), pp.134~140 (2010), 대한천식알레르기학회
  81. Kohyama K, "IL-13 and IL-17A gene polymorphisms in Japanese patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 107, pp.510~516 (2011)
  82. Choi JH, "An update on the pathogenesis of the upper airways in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 14, pp.1~6 (2014)
  83. Purevsuren Losol, "A genetic effect of IL-5 receptor a polymorphism in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 45(3), pp.1~7 (2013), 생화학분자생물학회
  84. Choi JH, "Association of TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms with aspirin-induced urticaria", J Clin Pharm Ther, 34, pp.231~238 (2009)
  85. Szabo K, "The -308 G>A SNP of TNFA is a factor predisposing to chronic rhinosinusitis associated with nasal polyposis in aspirin-sensitive Hungarian individuals: conclusions of a genetic study with multiple stratifications", Int Immunol, 25, pp.383~388 (2013)
  86. Kim SH, "A functional promoter polymorphism of the human IL18 gene is associated with aspirin-induced urticaria", Br J Dermatol, 165, pp.976~984 (2011)
  87. Palikhe NS, "Association of interleukin 10 promoter polymorphism at-819T>C with aspirin-induced urticaria in a Korean population", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 107, pp.544~546 (2011)
  88. Park JS, "Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms on Interleukin 17 receptor A(IL17RA)gene with aspirin hypersensitivity in asthmatics", Hum Immunol, 74, pp.598~606 (2013)
  89. Bronietzki AW, "Autophagy in T-cell development, activation and differentiation", Immunol Cell Biol, 93, pp.25~34 (2015)
  90. Dekker JW, "Aspirin-induced asthma and HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1genotypes", Clin Exp Allergy, 27, pp.574~577 (1997)
  91. Choi JH, "HLA association in aspirin-intolerant asthma: DPB1*0301 as a strong marker in a Korean population", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 113, pp.562~564 (2004)
  92. Kim SH, "Association of TNF-alpha genetic polymorphism with HLA DPB1*0301", Clin Exp Allergy, 36, pp.1247~1253 (2006)
  93. Lympany PA, "An analysis with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes of the association between aspirin-induced asthma and antigens of the HLA system", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 92(1 Pt 1), pp.114~123 (1993)
  94. Shin SW, "Exonic variants associated with development of aspirin exacerbated respiratory diseases", PLoS One, 9, pp.e111887~ (2014)
  95. Esmaeilzadeh H, "HLADRB and HLA-DQ genetic variability in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Am J Rhinol Allergy, 29, pp.e63~e69 (2015)
  96. Kim SH, "The human leucocyte antigen-DRB1*1302-DQB1*0609-DPB1*0201 haplotype may be a strong genetic marker for aspirin-induced urticaria", Clin Exp Allergy, 35, pp.339~344 (2005)
  97. Pacor ML, "Relationship between human leucocyte antigen class I and class II and chronic idiopathic urticarial associated with aspirin and", or NSAIDs hypersensitivity, 2006, pp.2006, 62489~
  98. 박태준, "Polymorphisms of ATF6B Are Potentially Associated With FEV1 Decline by Aspirin Provocation in Asthmatics", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 6(2), pp.142~148 (2014), 대한천식알레르기학회
  99. Kohyama K, "Polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene in Japanese patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 128, pp.1117~1120 (2011)
  100. Kim SH, "Dipeptidyl-peptidase 10 as a genetic biomarker for the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease phenotype", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 114, pp.208~213 (2015)
  101. Losol P, "Association of P2RY12polymorphisms with eosinophil and platelet activation in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 114, pp.423~424 (2015)
  102. Cheong HS, "Genome-wide methylation profile of nasal polyps: relation to aspirin hypersensitivity in asthmatics", Allergy, 66, pp.637~644 (2011)
  103. Choi JH, "Upper airways in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 15, pp.21~26 (2015)
  104. Samter M, "Concerning the nature of intolerance to aspirin", J Allergy, 40, pp.281~293 (1967)
  105. Graefe H, "Aspirin sensitivity and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps: a fatal combination", J Allergy, 2012, pp.817910~ (2012)
  106. Rachel U. Lee, "Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Evaluation and Management", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 3(1), pp.3~10 (2011), 대한천식알레르기학회
  107. Jenkins C, "Systematic review of prevalence of aspirin induced asthma and its implications for clinical practice", BMJ, 328, pp.434~ (2004)
  108. Baenkler HW, "Salicylate intolerance: pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, diagnosis and treatment", Dtsch Arztebl Int, 105, pp.137~142 (2008)
  109. Asero R, "Clinical management of patients with a history of urticaria", angioedema induced by multiple NSAIDs: an expert panel review, 2013, pp.160, 126~133
  110. Parejo PA, "Association study of functional polymorphisms in genes involved in histamine homeostasis and multiple NSAID:triggered urticaria and", or angioedema and anaphylaxis in patients without pre-existing chronic urticaria (MNSAID-UA), 2013, pp.131(2 Suppl), AB169~
  111. Johansson SG, "Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 113, pp.832~836 (2004)
  112. Simons FE, "2012 Update:World Allergy Organization Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis", Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 12, pp.389~399 (2012)
  113. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, "EAACI", GA2LEN guideline: aspirin provocation tests for diagnosis of aspirin hypersensitivity, 2007, pp.62, 1111~1118
  114. Scherer K, "Desensitization in delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions: an EAACI position paper of the Drug Allergy Interest Group", Allergy, 68, pp.844~852 (2013)
  115. Mullol J, "Rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 33, pp.163~176 (2013)
  116. Pinto JM, "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitis", Rhinology, 48, pp.318~324 (2010)
  117. Vennera Mdel C, "Efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of nasal polyps", Thorax, 66, pp.824~825 (2011)
  118. Mesonjesi E, "Omalizumab for severe allergic asthma: a life changing drug?", Clin Transl Allergy, 5(Suppl 2), pp.P18~ (2015)
  119. Brightling CE, "Efficacy and safety of tralokinumab in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial", Lancet Respir Med, 3, pp.692~701 (2015)
  120. Darveaux J, "Biologics in asthma: the next step toward personalized treatment", J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 3, pp.152~160 (2015)
  121. Fainardi V, "Mepolizumab in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma", Immunotherapy, 8, pp.27~34 (2016)
  122. Riechelmann H, "Chronic rhinosinusitis: EPOS 2012 part I", Laryngorhinootologie, 92, pp.193~201 (2013)
  123. Cernadas JR, "General considerations on rapid desensitization for drug hypersensitivity : a consensus statement", Allergy, 65, pp.1357~1366 (2010)
  124. White AA, "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: update on pathogenesis and desensitization", Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 33, pp.588~594 (2012)
  125. 오민수, "아스피린 탈감작으로 호전된 아스피린 과민증을 동반한 난치성 만성 두드러기 2예", 천식 및 알레르기, 32(1), pp.51~55 (2012), 대한천식알레르기학회

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (26건)