청소년이 경험한 부정적 생애경험 유형과 폭력비행 간 관계: 잠재계층분석을 중심으로
A study on the latent classes of adverse childhood experiences and adolescent violent delinquency in South Korea
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본 연구의 목적은 국내 청소년이 경험한 부정적 생애경험(ACEs)의 유형을 분류하고, 유형 간 비교를 통해 폭력비행에 가담할 위험이 큰 청소년 집단을 확인하는 것이다. 선행연구들은 청소년이 과거에 경험한 역경 사건들이 폭력비행의 발생과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였으나, 현존하는 국내 ACEs 연구들은 모두 성인 응답자를 대상으로 하여 청소년의 역경 경험을 살펴본 연구는 부재한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 청소년과 가구원의 응답 자료를 활용해 국내 ACEs 연구를 확장하고 ACEs와 폭력비행의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 분석을 위해 한국복지패널의 4차년도(2009년)와 이후 신규패널로 추가된 13차년도(2017년) 가구용 데이터, 가구원용 데이터, 아동부가조사를 결합하였으며, 총 797명(4차=514명, 13차=283명)의 응답이 연구에 사용되었다. 잠재계층분석 결과 청소년의 부정적 생애경험 유형은 고 학대 및 역기능적 가정환경(25.85%), 역기능적 가정환경(57.46%), 가족 해체(16.69%) 유형의 세 가지로 분류되었다. 고 학대 및 역기능적 가정환경 유형은 신체학대, 정서학대, 배우자 폭력과 가구원의 알코올 의존에 대한 응답이 높게 나타났다. 역기능적 가정환경 유형은 배우자 폭력과 가구원의 알코올 의존에 대한 응답 비율이 높았다. 가족 해체 유형에 속한 청소년들은 부모 중 한 사람이라도 함께 생활하지 않는다고 응답한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 또한, 앞선 두 집단과 비교하여 물리적 폭력을 제외한 역경 사건들을 경험한 비율이 높음을 확인하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 유형 간 비행 가능성을 비교한 실시한 결과, 고 학대 및 역기능적 가정환경 유형에 속한 청소년들의 폭력비행 가능성이 역기능적 가정환경 유형에 비교해 유의하게 높았다(OR=2.031, p<.05). 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 가해 청소년의 역경 경험을 고려한 맞춤형 개입 방안의 필요성과 후속 연구를 위한 방안을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have detrimental effects on adolescents’ development and could lead to maladaptive outcomes. Violent delinquency, a type of maladaptive behavioral outcome, can seriously harm their well-being. Although numerous studies have been conducted on western samples, no study has yet explored the ACEs of Korean adolescents. To fill this gap, the current study aimed to identify distinct subtypes of ACEs using latent class analysis (LCA) and investigate the associations between latent groups and violent delinquency. Using waves four and thirteen of the nationally-representative Korean Welfare Panel Study, four types of maltreatment (physical/emotional/sexual abuse, and neglect) and four types of household dysfunctions (family history of alcohol dependence, parental depression, intimate partner violence, and parental separation) were assessed. Three distinct groups were identified as follows: high abuse and family dysfunction (25.85%), family dysfunction (57.46%), and family dissolution (16.69%). Compared to the family dysfunction group, the high abuse and family dysfunction group were at a higher risk of engaging in violent delinquency. Findings such as these may emphasize the need for attention to ACEs among adolescents and the results also suggest a number of implications for trauma-based interventions.
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