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청소년의 스마트폰 의존도와 삶의 만족도 관계에 대한 연구: 사회적 비교에 대한 자아존중감의 조절된 매개효과를 중심으로

A study on the relationship between smartphone dependence and life satisfaction among adolescents: Focusing on the moderated mediating effect of self-esteem on social comparison

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주제분류기타사회과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 스마트폰 의존도와 삶의 만족도의 관계, 그리고 사회적 비교에 대한 자아존중감의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구소의 한국아동・청소년패널조사 2018(Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018; 이하 KCYPS 2018)자료 중 중학교 1학년에 해당되는 1차~4차 자료를 활용하여 스마트폰 의존도와 삶의 만족도 간의 관계에서 사회적 비교의 매개효과, 이에 대한 자아존중감의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 전년도에 걸쳐 스마트폰 의존도는 사회적 비교에 부(-)적 영향력, 즉 상향 사회적 비교를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며 이로 인해 삶의 만족도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 자아존중감은 청소년의 연령대에 따라 차별적 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 1차년도에서 스마트폰 의존도와 자아존중감의 상호작용 효과는 하향 사회적 비교로 이어지며, 이는 삶의 만족도를 증가시켰지만 2차년도에선 반대로 상향 사회적 비교로 이어졌다. 나아가, 3차년도와 4차년도에선 이러한 상호작용 효과가 사라져 자아존중감의 조절효과가 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회적 비교, 자존감 및 삶의 만족도 간의 관계가 생애 발달 과정과 연령에 따라 변할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구는 그동안 다소 간과되었던 사회적 비교의 개념을 활용, 자아존중감이 미치는 연령대별 차별적 효과의 영향을 살펴본 의의가 존재한다. 나아가, 청소년 시기에 스마트폰 의존이 단순히 개인수준의 문제를 야기할 뿐 아니라 타인과의 관계에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점을 규명하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 청소년 시기 스마트폰 사용에 대한 후속연구의 방향을 제언하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to verify the moderated mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between smartphone dependence and life satisfaction in relation to social comparison among adolescents. To achieve this goal, the first to fourth wave data of middle school first graders from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018) conducted by the Korea Institute of Child and Adolescent Education were used to verify the mediating effect of social comparison and the moderated mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between smartphone dependence and life satisfaction. The results showed that smartphone dependence over the previous year had a negative impact on social comparison, increasing upward social comparison, which in turn resulted in decreased life satisfaction. On the other hand, self-esteem had differential effects depending on the age group of the adolescents concerned. The interaction effect of smartphone dependence and self-esteem in the first year led to downward social comparison, which increased life satisfaction. However, in the second year, the opposite occurred, as it led to upward social comparison. Furthermore, in the third and fourth years, the interaction effect appeared to have disappeared, and the moderating effect of self-esteem was not significant. These results suggest that the relationship between social comparison, self-esteem, and life satisfaction can vary depending on both developmental process and age. This study has significance in that it examines the age-specific effects of self-esteem and the concept of social comparison, which has been somewhat overlooked in previous studies. Furthermore, it revealed that smartphone dependence during adolescence not only causes personal problems but also affects relationships with others. Based on the results of this study, directions for future research on smartphone use during adolescence are suggested.

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