일제시기 ‘조선풍속인형’과 조선인의 시각적 재현

Abstract

This paper purports to re-organize the period of Japanese imperialism when it started to produce and consume dolls as tourism souvenirs in Korea, and then, to examine through what social and cultural changes the dolls got consumed. Dolls as tourism souvenirs are the visual reproduction of physical characteristics of a nation and of traditional dresses, and they are media that symbolize the general characteristics of the national culture. In this respect, dolls are the important subject for the research of material cultures. Especially, Joseon dolls, which were consumed during the period of Japanese imperialism, are the reproduction of generalizing the characteristics of Koreans, so they will be a good chance to study how the image of Koreans was made by others. First of all, the production and consumption of Joseon folk dolls can be understood through the combination of the development of the tourism industry and the folk toy industry of Japan. As a part of the tourism promotion policy of Japan, a souvenir promotion policy was developed, which made the folk toy industry of Japan grow up. And this policy got expanded to Joseon and finally, Joseon folk dolls were produced. At that time, the dolls were introduced as Joseon folk products in the guidebook that was published by the Railroad Board and Civil Tourism Association. The dolls were consumed as folk souvenirs representing Joseon at shopping malls and department stores in major cities of Joseon, tourist resorts like hot springs and historic relics, and folk product shops near train stations. In general, Joseon folk dolls were produced in the form of "Itobori"-a representative form of Japanese traditional folk toys-and of earthen doll so they clearly showed a connection with Japan. In addition, the images of Koreans, which were revived in Joseon folk dolls, are closely related with the photo postcards which were popular from 1900s. A topic of 'Joseon customs' was copied through different media of a doll and a photo postcard, and simultaneously, they became products for consumption as tourism souvenirs. It is a good case that shows how the modern consumption culture of tourism revived Joseon and made it into a product. The dolls made of the materials and the techniques which were produced in Japan were made into Joseon folk products and consumed as the generalized cultural image of Koreans. Finally, the typical image of Koreans, which was selected during the period of Japanese imperialism, was selected too even after the independence of Korea and was made into a product. The form of dolls which were produced during the period of Japanese imperialism were reproduced even after the independence, which shows the influence of the dominant visual cultures of a period. In 1950s, stuffed dolls, which show the traditional emotions of Korea and are different from Joseon folk dolls, were produced in quantity. However, to the question what would be the image to show the traditions of Korea, the image of 'Joseon folk dolls', which were consumed during the period of Japanese imperialism, had more similarities.