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Anti-carcinogenic effects of non-polar components containing licochalcone A in roasted licorice root

김은지|최현주|선미라|임순성|강영희|최명숙|이기원|윤정한|박소영
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)|2014.06|Nutrition Research and Practice|제8권 제3호|pp. 257-266

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키워드

cancerapoptosisRoasted licorice rootslicochalcone A

초록

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Licorice has been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive effects. However, glycyrrhizin, a majorcomponent in licorice, was found to interfere with steroid metabolism and cause edema and hypertension. The roasting processof licorice modifies the chemical composition and converts glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetinic acid. The purpose of this study wasto examine the anti-carcinogenic effects of the ethanol extract of roasted licorice (EERL) and to identify the active compoundin EERL. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of roasted and un-roasted licorice were prepared. The active fractionwas separated from the methylene chloride (MC)-soluble fraction of EERL and the structure of the purified compound wasdetermined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The anti-carcinogenic effects of licorice extracts and licochalconeA was evaluated using a MTT assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, and two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. RESULTS: EERL was determined to be more potent and efficacious than the ethanol extract of un-roasted licorice in inhibitingthe growth of DU145 and MLL prostate cancer cells, as well as HT-29 colon cancer cells. The aqueous extracts of un-roastedand roasted licorice showed minimal effects on cell growth. EERL potently inhibited growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast,B16-F10 melanoma, and A375 and A2058 skin cancer cells, whereas EERL slightly stimulated the growth of normal IEC-6 intestinalepithelial cells and CCD118SK fibroblasts. The MC-soluble fraction was more efficacious than EERL in inhibiting DU145 cellgrowth. Licochalcone A was isolated from the MC fraction and identified as the active compound of EERL. Both EERL andlicochalcone A induced apoptosis of DU145 cells. EERL potently inhibited chemically-induced skin papilloma formation in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Non-polar compounds in EERL exert potent anti-carcinogenic effects, and that roasted rather than un-roastedlicorice should be favored as a cancer preventive agent, whether being used as an additive to food or medicine preparations.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Licorice has been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive effects. However, glycyrrhizin, a majorcomponent in licorice, was found to interfere with steroid metabolism and cause edema and hypertension. The roasting processof licorice modifies the chemical composition and converts glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetinic acid. The purpose of this study wasto examine the anti-carcinogenic effects of the ethanol extract of roasted licorice (EERL) and to identify the active compoundin EERL. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of roasted and un-roasted licorice were prepared. The active fractionwas separated from the methylene chloride (MC)-soluble fraction of EERL and the structure of the purified compound wasdetermined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The anti-carcinogenic effects of licorice extracts and licochalconeA was evaluated using a MTT assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, and two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. RESULTS: EERL was determined to be more potent and efficacious than the ethanol extract of un-roasted licorice in inhibitingthe growth of DU145 and MLL prostate cancer cells, as well as HT-29 colon cancer cells. The aqueous extracts of un-roastedand roasted licorice showed minimal effects on cell growth. EERL potently inhibited growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast,B16-F10 melanoma, and A375 and A2058 skin cancer cells, whereas EERL slightly stimulated the growth of normal IEC-6 intestinalepithelial cells and CCD118SK fibroblasts. The MC-soluble fraction was more efficacious than EERL in inhibiting DU145 cellgrowth. Licochalcone A was isolated from the MC fraction and identified as the active compound of EERL. Both EERL andlicochalcone A induced apoptosis of DU145 cells. EERL potently inhibited chemically-induced skin papilloma formation in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Non-polar compounds in EERL exert potent anti-carcinogenic effects, and that roasted rather than un-roastedlicorice should be favored as a cancer preventive agent, whether being used as an additive to food or medicine preparations.

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