1930년대 한중 아나키스트의 반파시즘 투쟁과 국제연대 - 巴金과 柳子明을 중심으로 -
Anti-fascism Struggle and International Solidarity of Korean-Chinese Anarchists in the 1930's
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This paper is to describe the varied activities of the United Front of anti-fascism of Korean-Chinese anarchists in the 1930's, focussing on Bajin(巴金) and You Ja-myung(柳子明), the typical anarchists of the two countries. These two men are worthy of notice because of not only constantly taking actions as anarchists for the longest time in the late history of East-Asian anarchism, but expressing their own views on war through various literature. Furthermore, they had a comradely relationship for a long time. In this paper I would like to present this fact that Korean-Chinese anarchists had strong feeling of solidarity although they were in the overstrained relations between nationalism and internationalism during the Anti-Japanese War as well as that the two men's individual relationship. From the Manchurian Incident to the Sino-Japanese War, the long wartime brought a number of significant changes to Bajin and You Ja-myung. It is that they broke away from the anti-war line of theoretical anarchists and declared positive resistance as well. Among Chinese anarchists the cognitive change, if the struggle was something to fight against the strong authority and aggression, they had to take part in the war, gradually generated. It was connected to the assertions: aggressive war should be opposed to revolutionary war, and citizens's resistance was the only way to give themselves freedom. Also the Korean anarchists contended the Common Front of nationalists and communists, suggesting the Racial Front which they couldn't even dare to think in the process of changing the movement type, terroristic tactics to armed oppositions. It is very interesting fact that during the Spanish Civil War the participations of anarchists in the People's Front had dramatic effects on the shifting of their lines. The articles of the anarchist magazines at that time shows well by what theoretical basis the Spanish Front affected the cognitive changes of the Korean-Chinese anarchists. The resistant assertion and the controversy of the Racial Front among the Korean-Chinese anarchists were based on the phased consideration: national revolution should be first accomplished with the victory of resistance, and then anarchist society could be established. In the Common Front, however, without making sure the spiritual originality a Front had lots of room to be buried under the national revolution itself. In spite of the danger, Bajin and You Ja-myung didn't forsake the international solidarity, even in the war time when patriotism was enthusiastic. The numerous documents, great and small, could sufficiently confirm that Bajin desired every nations to have free lives, encouraging the Korean independent activists participated in the Anti-Japanese War, and the fact You Ja-myung leaded the solidarity struggle of international anti-fascism with the movement of the Anti-Japanese Salvation Association.
Abstract
This paper is to describe the varied activities of the United Front of anti-fascism of Korean-Chinese anarchists in the 1930's, focussing on Bajin(巴金) and You Ja-myung(柳子明), the typical anarchists of the two countries. These two men are worthy of notice because of not only constantly taking actions as anarchists for the longest time in the late history of East-Asian anarchism, but expressing their own views on war through various literature. Furthermore, they had a comradely relationship for a long time. In this paper I would like to present this fact that Korean-Chinese anarchists had strong feeling of solidarity although they were in the overstrained relations between nationalism and internationalism during the Anti-Japanese War as well as that the two men's individual relationship. From the Manchurian Incident to the Sino-Japanese War, the long wartime brought a number of significant changes to Bajin and You Ja-myung. It is that they broke away from the anti-war line of theoretical anarchists and declared positive resistance as well. Among Chinese anarchists the cognitive change, if the struggle was something to fight against the strong authority and aggression, they had to take part in the war, gradually generated. It was connected to the assertions: aggressive war should be opposed to revolutionary war, and citizens's resistance was the only way to give themselves freedom. Also the Korean anarchists contended the Common Front of nationalists and communists, suggesting the Racial Front which they couldn't even dare to think in the process of changing the movement type, terroristic tactics to armed oppositions. It is very interesting fact that during the Spanish Civil War the participations of anarchists in the People's Front had dramatic effects on the shifting of their lines. The articles of the anarchist magazines at that time shows well by what theoretical basis the Spanish Front affected the cognitive changes of the Korean-Chinese anarchists. The resistant assertion and the controversy of the Racial Front among the Korean-Chinese anarchists were based on the phased consideration: national revolution should be first accomplished with the victory of resistance, and then anarchist society could be established. In the Common Front, however, without making sure the spiritual originality a Front had lots of room to be buried under the national revolution itself. In spite of the danger, Bajin and You Ja-myung didn't forsake the international solidarity, even in the war time when patriotism was enthusiastic. The numerous documents, great and small, could sufficiently confirm that Bajin desired every nations to have free lives, encouraging the Korean independent activists participated in the Anti-Japanese War, and the fact You Ja-myung leaded the solidarity struggle of international anti-fascism with the movement of the Anti-Japanese Salvation Association.
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