A critical evaluation of the aerobic capacity demands of elite male soccer players
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The present review investigate whether aerobic capacity of elite male soccer players has changed over the past 30-40 years, and sought to establish an improved estimate of aerobic capacity based on results reported in the literature. A systematic review of manuscripts reporting the match distance covered and/or the VO₂max of elite male soccer players was performed. Eighteen studies (published between 1967 and 2010) reporting the total distance covered and representing 14 countries (3,833 players), and 25 studies (published between 1975 and 2012) reporting VO₂max and representing 22 countries (1,921 players) were selected for analysis. Little, if any, relationship existed between the mean match play distance covered/VO₂max and the year of measurement/reporting. An improved estimate of the match play distance covered was calculated as 10,418 m with a pooled standard deviation of ± 933 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10,053 – 10,783 m) and a maximum mean of 12,650 m and minimum of 8,638 m. In addition, the improved estimate of the VO₂max was calculated as 59.38 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹, with a pooled standard deviation of ± 3.74 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹ (95% CI = 57.99 – 60.78 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹) and a maximum mean of 67.6 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹, and a minimum of 52.1 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹. The results suggest that distance covered and VO₂max in elite male soccer players have been stable over the period from 1967 to 2012 and that aerobic metabolism is the major source of energy during the match. Thus, soccer players must possess a minimum aerobic capacity to cover the total match distances and to recover from high-intensity action.
Abstract
The present review investigate whether aerobic capacity of elite male soccer players has changed over the past 30-40 years, and sought to establish an improved estimate of aerobic capacity based on results reported in the literature. A systematic review of manuscripts reporting the match distance covered and/or the VO₂max of elite male soccer players was performed. Eighteen studies (published between 1967 and 2010) reporting the total distance covered and representing 14 countries (3,833 players), and 25 studies (published between 1975 and 2012) reporting VO₂max and representing 22 countries (1,921 players) were selected for analysis. Little, if any, relationship existed between the mean match play distance covered/VO₂max and the year of measurement/reporting. An improved estimate of the match play distance covered was calculated as 10,418 m with a pooled standard deviation of ± 933 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10,053 – 10,783 m) and a maximum mean of 12,650 m and minimum of 8,638 m. In addition, the improved estimate of the VO₂max was calculated as 59.38 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹, with a pooled standard deviation of ± 3.74 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹ (95% CI = 57.99 – 60.78 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹) and a maximum mean of 67.6 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹, and a minimum of 52.1 mL․kg⁻¹․min⁻¹. The results suggest that distance covered and VO₂max in elite male soccer players have been stable over the period from 1967 to 2012 and that aerobic metabolism is the major source of energy during the match. Thus, soccer players must possess a minimum aerobic capacity to cover the total match distances and to recover from high-intensity action.
참고문헌 (65)
- Adhikari, A, "Physiological and physical evaluation of Indian national soccer squad", Hungarian Rev Sports Med, 34(4), pp.197~205 (1993)
- Agnevic, G, "FOTBOLL", Idrottsfysiologi, (7) (1970)
- Al-hazzaa, H. M, "Aerobic and anaerobicpowercharacteristics of saudi elite soccer players", J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41(1), pp.54~61 (2001)
- Dellal Alexandre, "Heart Rate Monitoring in Soccer", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(10), pp.2890~2906 (2012), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Marcin Andrzejewski, "Analysis of Motor Activities of Professional Soccer Players", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(6), pp.1481~1488 (2012), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Apor, P, "Science and Football", pp.95~107 (1988), E&FN Spon
- ARNI ARNASON, "Physical Fitness, Injuries, and Team Performance in Soccer", Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(2), pp.278~285 (2004), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Aziz, A. R, "The relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and repeated sprint performance indices in field hockey and soccer players", J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 40(3), pp.195~200 (2000)
- Bangsbo, J, "Energy demands in competitive soccer", J Sports Sci, 12, pp.5~12 (1994)
- Bangsbo, J, "Science and Soccer: Developing Elite Performers", pp.24~43 (2013), Routlege
- Bangsbo, J, "Activity profile of competition soccer", Can J Sport Sci, 16(2), pp.110~116 (1991)
- Barros, R, "Analysis of the distances covered by first divisionBrazilian soccerplayers obtained with an automatictracking method", Journal of Sports Science andMedicine, 6, pp.233~242 (2007)
- Jan Boone, "Physical Fitness of Elite Belgian Soccer Players by Player Position", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(8), pp.2051~2057 (2012), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Paul S. Bradley, "High-intensity running in English FA Premier League soccer matches", Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), pp.159~168 (2009), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Bunc, V, "Physiological characteristics of elite Czechoslovak footballers", J Sports Sci, 10(2), pp.149~ (1992)
- Carlo Castagna, "Preseason Variations in Aerobic Fitness and Performance in Elite-Standard Soccer Players", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(11), pp.2959~2965 (2013), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Chin, M. K, "Physiological profiles of Hong Kong elite soccer players", Br J Sports Med, 26(4), pp.262~266 (1992)
- J.A. Davis, "Pre‐season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players", Journal of Sports Sciences, 10(6), pp.541~547 (2007), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Alexandre Dellal, "The effects of a congested fixture period on physical performance, technical activity and injury rate during matches in a professional soccer team", British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(6), pp.390~394 (2015), BMJ[DOI]
- Valter Di Salvo, "Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches", Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(14), pp.1489~1494 (2010), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- V. Di Salvo, "Performance Characteristics According to Playing Position in Elite Soccer", International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), pp.222~227 (2007), Thieme Publishing Group[DOI]
- V. Di Salvo, "Match Performance Comparison in Top English Soccer Leagues", International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(06), pp.526~532 (2013), Thieme Publishing Group[DOI]
- Drust, B, "Science and Soccer: DevelopingElite Performers", pp.43~64 (2013), Routlege
- Oh Duk, "Endurance and Speed Capacity of the Korea Republic Football National Team During the World Cup of 2010", Journal of Human Kinetics, 30(1), pp.115~121 (2011), Walter de Gruyter GmbH[DOI]
- Ekblom, B, "Applied physiology of soccer", SportsMedicine, 3, pp.50~60 (1986)
- Faina, M, "Scienceand Football", pp.158~163 (1988), E&FN Spon
- Florida-James, G, "Thephysiological demands of Gaelic football", Br JSports Med, 29(1), pp.41~45 (1995)
- Helgerud, J, "Aerobic endurance training improves soccerperformance", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(11), pp.1925~1931 (2001)
- Heller, J, "Functional capacity in topleague football players during the competitiveseason", J Sports Sci, 10, pp.150~ (1992)
- Jan Hoff, "Endurance and Strength Training for Soccer Players", Sports Medicine, 34(3), pp.165~180 (2004), Springer Nature[DOI]
- Holmann, W, "ZurHöchsten-und Dauerleistungsfähigkeit der deutschenFussball-Spitzenspieler", Dtsch Z Sportmed, 32, pp.113~120 (1981)
- Jørgen Ingebrigtsen, "Performance Effects of 6 Weeks of Aerobic Production Training in Junior Elite Soccer Players", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(7), pp.1861~1867 (2013), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Matkovic, B. R, "Science andFootball II", pp.37~39 (1993), E. &F. N. Spon
- McBride, J. M, "Essentials of strength training and conditioning", pp.43~64 (2016), Human Kinetics
- K McMillan, "Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players", British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(5), pp.273~277 (2005), BMJ[DOI]
- MAGNI MOHR, "Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue", Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), pp.519~528 (2003), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Harvey J Motulsky, "Detectingoutliers when fitting data with nonlinear regression– a new method based on robust nonlinearregression and thefalse discovery rate", BMC Bioinformatics, 7(1), pp.1~20 (2006), Springer Nature[DOI]
- Ogushi, T, "Science and Football", pp.121~123 (1993), E. & F. N. Spon
- Ohashi, J, "Sceinceand football", pp.329~333 (1988), E. &F. N. Spon
- Olofsson, G, "A report of IUPAC Commission I.2 on Thermodynamics Assignment and presentation of uncertainties of the numerical results of thermodynamic measurements", The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 13(7), pp.603~622 (1981), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Ostojić, S. M, "Physical and physiologicalcharacteristics of elite serbian soccer players", Factauniversitatis, Physical Education and Sport, 1(7), pp.23~29 (2000)
- Darren J. Paul, "Factors Affecting Match Running Performance of Elite Soccer Players: Shedding Some Light on the Complexity", International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(4), pp.516~519 (2015), Human Kinetics[DOI]
- Puga, N, "Science and Football II", pp.40~42 (1993), E. & F. N. Spon
- Rahkila, P, "Physical fitnessprofile of Finnish national soccer team candidates", Science and Football, 5, pp.30~33 (1989)
- Raven, P. B, "A physiological evaluationof professional soccer players", Br J Sports Med, 10(4), pp.209~216 (1976)
- T. Reilly, "Energetics of high-intensity exercise (soccer) with particular reference to fatigue", Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(3), pp.257~263 (1997), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Reilly, T, "Science and Soccer", pp.59~73 (2003), Routlege
- Reilly, T, "The Science of Training-Soccer : AScientific Approach to Developing Strength, Speedand Endurance" (2007), Routledge
- T. Reilly, "Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer", Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), pp.669~683 (2000), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Reilly, T, "A Motion Analysis ofWork Rate in Different Positional. Roles inProfessional Football Match-Play", Journal of humanmovementstudies, 2, pp.87~97 (1976)
- Rhodes, E. C, "Physiological profilesof the Canadian Olympic soccer team", Can J ApplSportSci, 11(1), pp.31~36 (1986)
- Rienzi, E, "Investigation of anthtopometric and work-rateprofiles of elite South American internationalplayers", TheJournal of sports medicine andphysical fitness, 40(2), pp.162~169 (2000)
- Aristomenis Sotiropoulos, "The Effect of a 4-Week Training Regimen on Body Fat and Aerobic Capacity of Professional Soccer Players During The Transition Period", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), pp.1697~1703 (2009), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Goran Sporis, "Fitness Profiling in Soccer: Physical and Physiologic Characteristics of Elite Players", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(7), pp.1947~1953 (2009), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Tomas Stolen, "Physiology of Soccer", Sports Medicine, 35(6), pp.501~536 (2005), Springer Nature[DOI]
- Thatcher, R, "Developmentand validation of a sport-specific exercise protocolfor elite youth soccer players", J Sports Med PhysFitness, 44(1), pp.15~22 (2004)
- Tonnessen, E, "Maximal aerobic power characteristicsof male professional soccer players, 1989-2012", IntJSports Physiol Perform, 8(3), pp.323~329 (2013)
- Tumilty, D, "Physiological characteristics of elitesoccer players", Sports Med, 16(2), pp.80~96 (1993)
- Vanfraechem, J. H. P, "Maximalaerobic power and ventilatory threshold of atop-level soccer team", J Sports Sci, 10(2), pp.149~ (1992)
- Gregory Vigne, "Physical Outcome in a Successful Italian Serie A Soccer Team Over Three Consecutive Seasons", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(5), pp.1400~1406 (2013), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- G. Vigne, "Activity Profile in Elite Italian Soccer Team", International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(05), pp.304~310 (2010), Thieme Publishing Group[DOI]
- Matthew Weston, "Intensities of exercise during match-play in FA Premier League referees and players", Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5), pp.527~532 (2011), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Whitehead, E, "Conditioning of sports" (1975), EP Publishing
- Wisloff, U, "Strengthand endurance of elite soccer players", Med SciSports Exerc, 30(3), pp.462~467 (1998)
- Zelenka, V, "Specificfunction testing og young football players", J SportsMed Phys Fitness, 7, pp.143~147 (1967)