Relationship between intra-household food distribution and coexistence of dual forms of malnutrition
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between food intake and nutritional status has been clearly established. Yet, thereare only limited studies on food intake among family members and their nutritional status. The study examined the relationshipbetween intra-household food distribution and coexistence of dual forms of malnutrition (DFM) in the same household. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Households with a malnourished child and overweight mother were categorized as DFM. Intra-householdfood distribution among family members was reported using ratios, which are a measure of individual intakes as comparedto all household member intakes adjusted to RDA. RESULTS: A1,899 families were included in the study. The prevalence of DFM was 29.8% (95%CI 26.5-31.2). Children consumedlower amounts of energy (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.06-1.69, P = 0.011), carbohydrates (OR 1.2; 95%CI1.03-1.61, P = 0.022), protein (OR1.3; 95%CI 1.03-1.64, P = 0.026), and fat (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.05-1.66, P = 0.016) than their mothers and other family members. In contrast, mothers consumed more carbohydrates than children and other family members (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.02-1.51, P =0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report on the food distribution among family members and its relationship with occurrenceof DFM in Indonesia. The results confirm the occurrence of an unequal food distribution between children and mothers, whichincreases risk of DFM in the household. The results also demonstrate that nutritional education at the household level is importantto increase awareness of the impact of DFM.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between food intake and nutritional status has been clearly established. Yet, thereare only limited studies on food intake among family members and their nutritional status. The study examined the relationshipbetween intra-household food distribution and coexistence of dual forms of malnutrition (DFM) in the same household. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Households with a malnourished child and overweight mother were categorized as DFM. Intra-householdfood distribution among family members was reported using ratios, which are a measure of individual intakes as comparedto all household member intakes adjusted to RDA. RESULTS: A1,899 families were included in the study. The prevalence of DFM was 29.8% (95%CI 26.5-31.2). Children consumedlower amounts of energy (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.06-1.69, P = 0.011), carbohydrates (OR 1.2; 95%CI1.03-1.61, P = 0.022), protein (OR1.3; 95%CI 1.03-1.64, P = 0.026), and fat (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.05-1.66, P = 0.016) than their mothers and other family members. In contrast, mothers consumed more carbohydrates than children and other family members (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.02-1.51, P =0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report on the food distribution among family members and its relationship with occurrenceof DFM in Indonesia. The results confirm the occurrence of an unequal food distribution between children and mothers, whichincreases risk of DFM in the household. The results also demonstrate that nutritional education at the household level is importantto increase awareness of the impact of DFM.
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