Lycopene Content and Fruit Morphology of Red, Pink, Orange, and Yellow Fleshed Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Germplasm Collections
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초록
High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their healthrelated benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provideimportant baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. Tothis end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originallyobtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in anexperimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit(WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape inlongitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, groovingdistribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and thelycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diversemorphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rindwere found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while theUnited States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay(URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer,respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- andorange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detectedbetween lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruitmorphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a futurebreeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvementof the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.
Abstract
High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their healthrelated benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provideimportant baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. Tothis end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originallyobtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in anexperimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit(WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape inlongitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, groovingdistribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and thelycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diversemorphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rindwere found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while theUnited States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay(URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer,respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- andorange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detectedbetween lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruitmorphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a futurebreeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvementof the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.
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