고용구조 변화와 노동시장 이중구조화: 유럽근로조건조사 분석 결과를 중심으로, 2005~15
Changes in Employment Structure and Labor Market Dualization: An Analysis of European Working Conditions Survey, 2005~15
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 유럽 주요 국가에서의 고용구조 변화 추이를 파악하고 그 동인과 함의를 제시하고자 한다. 직종 기반 접근법과 과업수요 변화에 관한 이론적 논의를 기반으로 직종 5분위별 고용구조 변화를 파악하여 유럽 노동시장 이중구조화의 전개과정을 분석하였다. 최근 20여 년간 ‘유럽근로조건조사’ 자료를 중심으로 직종별 일자리의 질을 임금, 교육수준, 비금전적 일자리의 질 지수에 따라 구분하고 그 구조변화 양상을 국가별로 파악하였다. 전체적으로 국가 유형에 따라 매우 상이한 구조변화를 경험한 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 남유럽 국가에서 이중구조화 경향이 두드러진 것으로 확인되었다. 대륙유럽 일부 국가에서도 이중구조화가 강화된 것으로 드러났고, 북유럽의 스웨덴도 일정 부분 일자리의 질이 악화된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 직종 구조변화를 어떤 기준으로 접근하느냐에 따라 매우 상이한 결과가 나타났다. 변화의 동인과 관련해서는 국가별 분석 결과의 전반적인 통계적 유의도는 낮았으나, 인지과업이 고용증가를 이끈 반면 루틴과업이 고용감소로 이어지는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 대륙유럽과 북유럽 국가에서는 주로 사회적 상호작용 과업이 고용감소를 이끈 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study seeks to identify employment structure trends in major European nations, key drivers of change, and their implications. It analyzes the development of dualization in the European labor market, identifying changes in employment structure by occupation quintile through an occupation-based approach. Analysis used data from the past two decades of European Working Conditions Survey, structured to identify changes in working conditions by occupations with indices on wage, education, and non-pecuniary job quality. Results suggest a notably large variance between countries in structural changes undergone. Southern Europe underwent a marked dualization trend. Continental Europe also showed partial dualization, and in Northern Europe, Sweden showed a notable degree of deterioration. Provided, significantly different results can be drawn depending on how structural change in occupations is defined. Concerning drivers of dualization, statistical analysis showed little significance, but general trends could be identified: growth was led by demand for higher cognition tasks, and downturn was led by demand for routine tasks. In continental and Northern Europe, demand for social interaction tasks contributed to a decrease in employment.
참고문헌 (44)
- 김남주, "중숙련(middle-skill) 일자리의 감소가 고용 없는 경기회복에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 노동경제논집, 38(3), pp.53~95 (2015), 한국노동경제학회
- 남춘호, "일자리 양극화와 이동에 대한 사회학적 연구", 지역과 세계, 35(1), pp.29~69 (2011), 사회과학연구소[DOI]
- 류기락, "노동시장 이중구조화와 직업능력개발" (2017), 한국직업능력개발원
- 전병유, "한국 노동시장의 양극화에 관한 연구 : 중간일자리 및 중간임금계층을 중심으로", 한국경제의 분석, 13(2), pp.171~244 (2007), 한국경제의 분석패널
- 전병유, "일자리 분포의 변화와 동인에 관한 연구: 1993-2016년", 경제발전연구, 23(2), pp.31~58 (2017), 한국경제발전학회[DOI]
- Acemoglu, D., "Skills, tasks and technologies : Implications for employment and earnings", Handbook of labor economics, 4, pp.1043~1171 (2011)
- Akerlof, G. A, "Labor contracts as partial gift exchange", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 97(4), pp.543~569 (1982)
- Autor, D., "The polarization of job opportunities in the US labor market:Implications for employment and earnings" (2010), Center for American Progress and The Hamilton Project
- Autor, D. H., "The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market", American Economic Review, 103(5), pp.1553~1597 (2013)
- The ‘task approach’ to labor markets: An overview, "Autor, D. H.", National Bureau, ~, pp.NBER Working Paper No. 18711 (2013)
- Autor, D. H., "The polarization of the US labor market", American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 96(2), pp.189~194 (2006)
- Autor, D. H., "The skill content of recent technological change: An empirical exploration", The Quarterly journal of economics, 118(4), pp.1279~1333 (2003)
- Baumol, W. J., "Contestable markets: An uprising in the theory of industry structure: Reply", The American Economic Review, 73(3), pp.491~496 (1983)
- Bonoli, G, "Time matters: Postindustrialization, new social risks, and welfare state adaptation in advanced industrial democracies", Comparative political studies, 40(5), pp.495~520 (2007)
- Charpe, M., "Segmented labor markets and the distributive cycle: A roadmap towards inclusive growth", Economics research international (2014)
- Eichhorst, W., "Reforming German labour market institutions:A dual path to flexibility", Journal of European Social Policy, 21(1), pp.73~87 (2011)
- Emmenegger, P, "The Age of Dualization: the Changing Face of Inequality in Deindustrializing Societies" (2012), OUP USA
- Esping-Andersen, G., "Social foundations of postindustrial economies" (1999), Oxford University Press
- Fifth European Working Conditions Survey, "Eurofound", Publications Office of the European Union, ~ (2012)
- Self-employed or not self-employed? Working conditions of ‘economically dependent workers’(Background paper), "Eurofound", ~ (2013)
- Working conditions and job quality: Comparing sectors in Europe, "Eurofound", ~ (2014)
- Convergence and divergence of job quality in Europe 1995～2010, "Eurofound", Publications Office of the European Union, ~ (2015)
- Working time developments in the 21st century: Work duration and its regulation in the EU, "Eurofound", Publications Office of the European Union, ~ (2016)
- Fernández-Macías, E, "Routine-biased technical change and job polarization in Europe", Socio-Economic Review, 15(3) (2016), Socio-Economic Review[DOI]
- Gallie, D., "Employment regimes and the quality of work" (2009), Oxford University Press
- The race between education and technology: the evolution of US educational wage differentials, 1890 to 2005, "Goldin, C.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~, pp.No. w12984 (2007)
- Goos, M., "Job polarization in europe: The role of technology and globalization", matching skills and jobs:Anticipating needs in challenging times. agora conference, cedefop. 11～12 June 2009 held in Thessaloniki (2009)
- Goos, M., "Explaining job polarization: Routinebiased technological change and offshoring", The American Economic Review, 104(8), pp.2509~2526 (2014)
- Hausermann, S., "Varieties of dualization? Labor market segmentation and insider outsider divides across regimes. The age of dualization. Structures, policies, politics" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Hipp, L., "Institutions and the prevalence of nonstandard employment", Socio-Economic Review, 13(2), pp.351~377 (2015)
- Hurley, J., "Employment polarisation and job quality in the crisis: European Jobs Monitor 2013" (2013), Eurofound
- Iversen, T, "Equality, Employment, and Budgetary Restraint:The Trilemma of the Service Economy", World Politics, 50(4), pp.507~546 (1998)
- Kitschelt, H., "New social risk and political preferences. The politics of post-industrial welfare states: Adapting post-war social policies to new social risks", pp.52~82 (2006)
- Lindbeck, A, "Insiders versus Outsiders", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, pp.165~188 (2001)
- OECD, "OECD Employment Outlook 2010: Moving Beyond the Jobs Crisis" (2010), OECD Publishing
- Oesch, D., "Occupational change in Europe: how technology and education transform the job structure" (2013), Oxford University Press
- Oesch, D., "Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990～2008", Socio-Economic Review, 9(3), pp.503~531 (2010)
- Picot, G., "Liberalization, dualization, or recalibration? Labor market reforms under austerity, Italy and Spain 2010~2012", Welfare State in Portugal in the Age of Austerity (2014)
- Piore, M., "Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis" (1971), DC Heath
- Piore, M. J, "Fragments of a “Sociological” Theory of Wages", The American Economic Review, 63(2), pp.377~384 (1973)
- Rosenberg, S., "The State and the Labor Market", pp.235~249 (1989), Springer
- Rueda, D., "Insider‐Outsider Politics in Industrialized Democracies: The Challenge to Social Democratic Parties", American Political Science Review, 99, pp.61~74 (2005)
- Rueda, D, "Dualization, crisis and the welfare state", Socio-Economic Review, 12(2), pp.381~407 (2014)
- Thelen, K., "Varieties of liberalization and the new politics of social solidarity" (2014), Cambridge University Press