고용의 질적 구조 변화 : 고급화 대 양극화
Trends of Job Quality: Upgrading vs. Polarization
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Abstract
This article examines the quality of employment growth in Korea after the financial crisis in 1997 using economically active population survey data. The result shows that the polarization hypothesis gives us a more accurate description than upgrading hypothesis about the trends of job quality. However detail pattern of job polarization has changed: before 2000, largest gains in job growth occurred in low paid job categories, and after 2000, well paid jobs shows largest gains. Between 1996 and 2000, the growth of female labor supply, the expansion of non-standard jobs, and dead-end service jobs contributed to the growth of lousy jobs. After 2000, female work, service industry jobs, and standard jobs, themselves, are diversified and polarized into good and bad jobs. The decrease of middle range jobs has not led to class polarization. Job polarization did not change the class composition. Instead, manual working class and new middle class shows increasing internal heterogeneity and differentiation. The pattern of job expansion is not 'natural' result of the operation of efficient markets. We need public policy to directly affect the patterns of job growth, encouraging job growth in the middle of the employment structure and discouraging it at the bottom.
참고문헌 (32)
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