South Korea Memorializes the American Military Experience
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
South Korea has become another nation in the global statue wars movement. This movement advocates the removal of statues honoring persons viewed as not deserving respect. In South Korea, activists have called for the removal of statues of Korean Japanese collaborators and that of General Douglas MacArthur. At the same time statues have gone up commemorating individuals and social actions for justice. Victims of injustice, to include those of an American military massacre, have been recognized. These transformative changes were made possible by democratization in the 1990s. The country’s previous authoritarian rule restricted the memorialization of the American military experience to a state-sanctioned narrative portraying America as savior. This article will demonstrate how memory sites and monuments from the authoritarian period reflected this narrative. They offered up a militaristic perspective of heroic battles and heroes, and expressed gratitude for humanitarian accomplishments. This is an accurate portrayal as the American military did demonstrate bravery, devotion to duty, and humanitarianism. However, the dark side to this remained hidden and its victims silenced. With the lifting of authoritarian control, preserved memory sites can now provide details to complete our understanding of the American military experience in South Korea.
Abstract
South Korea has become another nation in the global statue wars movement. This movement advocates the removal of statues honoring persons viewed as not deserving respect. In South Korea, activists have called for the removal of statues of Korean Japanese collaborators and that of General Douglas MacArthur. At the same time statues have gone up commemorating individuals and social actions for justice. Victims of injustice, to include those of an American military massacre, have been recognized. These transformative changes were made possible by democratization in the 1990s. The country’s previous authoritarian rule restricted the memorialization of the American military experience to a state-sanctioned narrative portraying America as savior. This article will demonstrate how memory sites and monuments from the authoritarian period reflected this narrative. They offered up a militaristic perspective of heroic battles and heroes, and expressed gratitude for humanitarian accomplishments. This is an accurate portrayal as the American military did demonstrate bravery, devotion to duty, and humanitarianism. However, the dark side to this remained hidden and its victims silenced. With the lifting of authoritarian control, preserved memory sites can now provide details to complete our understanding of the American military experience in South Korea.
참고문헌 (37)
- "Eighth Army Marks Beginning of New Chapter with Monument Transition Ceremony" (2017)[URL]
- "How K-Pop Fans Actually Work as a Force for Political Activism in 2020" (2020)[URL]
- "AP: U.S. Allowed Korean Massacre In 1950" (2008)[URL]
- Cho, Grace M., "Haunting the Korean Diaspora : Shame, Secrecy, and the Forgotten War" (2008), University of Minnesota Press
- Choi, Suhi, "Silencing Survivors’ Narratives: Why Are We ‘Again’ Forgetting the No Gun Ri Story?", Rhetoric and Public Affairs, 11(3), pp.367~388 (2008)
- Choi, Suhi, "Embattled Memories : Contested Meanings in Korean War Memorials" (2014), University of Nevada Press
- Choi, Suhi, "Standing between Intransient History and Transient Memories : The Statue of MacArthur in South Korea", Memory Studies, 7(2), pp.191~206 (2014)
- Choi, Suhi, "Right to Mourn : Trauma, Empathy, and Korean War Memorials" (2019), Oxford University Press
- Cumings, Bruce, "Korea’s Place In The Sun : A Modern History" (2005), W. W. Norton & Company
- Dean, Willam Frishe, "General Dean’s Story" (1954), Charles E. Tuttle Company
- "No Gun Ri Review Report" (2001)[URL]
- George, James A., "Remember These Eleven", Airman, 9, pp.16~18 (1965)
- Han, Sang-Jin, "Divided Nations and Traditional Justice : What Germany, Japan and South Korea Can Teach the World" (2014), Routledge
- Hanley, Charles J., "The Bridge at No Gun Ri : A Hidden Nightmare from the Korean War" (2001), Henry Holt
- Hanley, Charles J, "In the Face of American Amnesia : The Grim Truths of No Gun Ri Find a Home", Asia-Pacific Journal, 10(4), pp.4294~ (2015)
- Hollis, James, "Korea : I Remember The Forgotten War" (2008), Author House Press
- Hwang, Su-kyoung, "Korea’s Grievous War" (2016), University of Pennsylvania Press
- Jang, C. J, "Is General MacArthur Really A Hero of the Republic of Korea?", Affairs and Movements, 107, pp.47~58 (2005)
- Katsiafic, George, "Asia’s Unknown Uprisings: South Korea’s Social Movements in the 20th Century. Vol. 1" (2012), PM Press
- Kim, Mikyoung, "Korean Memories and Psycho-Historical Fragmentation" (2019), Palgrave Macmillan
- Kwon, Hee-won, "Korea Reborn : A Grateful Nation Honors War Veterans for 60years of Growth" (2013), Remember My Service Productions
- Mattis, Jim, "Call Sign Chaos : Learning to Lead" (2019), Random House
- "The Legacy of General James Van Fleet" (2016)[URL]
- Meacham, Jon, "The Soul of America : The Battle for Our Better Angels" (2018), Random House
- Millett, Allan R, "The War for Korea, 1945–1950 : A House Burning" (2005), University of Kansas Press
- Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs(South Korea), "Korean War Memorials in Pictures: Remembering UN Participation 60 Years Later" (2010), Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs
- Oh, Arissa H, "To Save the Children of Korea : The Cold War Origins of International Adoption" (2015), Stanford University Press
- Ohl, John Kennedy, "The Korean War: An Encyclopedia", pp.345~346 (1995), Garland
- Ricks, Thomas E, "The Generals : American Military Command from World War II to Today" (2012), The Penguin Press
- Shin, Gi-Wook, "Rethinking Historical Injustice and Reconciliation in Northeast Asia : The Korean Experience" (2007), Routledge
- Shin, Gi-Wook, "U.S. Leadership, History, and Bilateral Relations in Northeast Asia", pp.55~58 (2010), Cambridge University Press
- Thompson, Erin L., "Smashing Statues : The Rise and Fall of America’s Public Monuments" (2022), W. W. Norton & Company
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission(South Korea), "Truth and Reconciliation: Activities of the Past Three Years" (2009), Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- Tucker, Spencer, "The Korean War: An Encyclopedia", pp.327~330 (1995), Garland Publishing
- Volpe, Art, "For The Sake Of Humanity", KORUS, 15~16 (1992)
- Yang, Jeong-Sim, "The Jeju 4. 3 Uprising and the United States : Remembering Responsibility for the Massacre", S, 2018, pp.4(2), 39~65
- "Soldiers, Citizens Honor the Fallen from the Battle of Cheonan" (2017)[URL]