“Our Local President”: Friends and Neighbors Effect in the Presidential Elections in the Republic of Korea
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Research on localism in the form of the friends and neighbors effect (FNE) over the past 70 years has been focused on Western democracies, but has largely overlooked political contexts in other regions. This article examines the prevalence of the FNE in presidential elections in the Republic of Korea to partially fill this gap. The particular significance of this contextual electoral effect is due to the specific phenomenon of Korean regionalism, largely created by politicians. The results of the study confirm the main assumptions about the importance of geographical proximity between the candidate and the electorate for the spatial distribution of candidate support. Most candidates’ electoral support levels are higher near their birthplaces. Differences in the effect’s expression are observed among urban and provincial, left-wing and all other, major and minor candidates. The gradual decrease in the influence of the effect over time is consistent with the assumption of a link between the FNE and regionalism in Korea. Regionalism, created by politicians who mobilized their regional strongholds, becomes weaker due to the increasing orientation of young voters towards institutions and structures rather than personalities. Another factor mitigating regionalism is the FNE within major party strongholds.
Abstract
Research on localism in the form of the friends and neighbors effect (FNE) over the past 70 years has been focused on Western democracies, but has largely overlooked political contexts in other regions. This article examines the prevalence of the FNE in presidential elections in the Republic of Korea to partially fill this gap. The particular significance of this contextual electoral effect is due to the specific phenomenon of Korean regionalism, largely created by politicians. The results of the study confirm the main assumptions about the importance of geographical proximity between the candidate and the electorate for the spatial distribution of candidate support. Most candidates’ electoral support levels are higher near their birthplaces. Differences in the effect’s expression are observed among urban and provincial, left-wing and all other, major and minor candidates. The gradual decrease in the influence of the effect over time is consistent with the assumption of a link between the FNE and regionalism in Korea. Regionalism, created by politicians who mobilized their regional strongholds, becomes weaker due to the increasing orientation of young voters towards institutions and structures rather than personalities. Another factor mitigating regionalism is the FNE within major party strongholds.
참고문헌 (34)
- Arzheimer, Kai, "Geolocation and Voting: Candidate-Voter Distance Effects on Party Choice in the 2010 UK General Election in England", Political Geography, 31(5), pp.301~310 (2012)[DOI]
- Bowler, Shaun, "Local Sources of Information and Voter Choice in State Elections: Microlevel Foundations of the ‘Friends and Neighbors’ Effect", American Politics Quarterly, 21(4), pp.473~489 (1993)[DOI]
- Chernetskii, Fedor M., "Effekt geograficheskoj blizosti na prezidentskih prajmeriz yuzhnokorejskih partij (Effect of Geographic Proximity on the Presidential Primaries of South Korea Parties)", Koreevedenie (Koreanology), 1, pp.136~158 (2022)[DOI]
- Chernetskii, Fedor M., "Regionalizm kak klyuchevoj faktor v elektoral’nyh processah v Respublike Koreya (Regionalism as a Key Factor in Electoral Processes in the Republic of Korea)", Vestnik rossijskogo koreevedeniya (Russian Koreanology Herald), 13, pp.67~81 (2022)
- Chernetskii, Fedor M., "‘Pragmatichnyj regionalizm’ Chhunchhona v kontekste regional’nogo protivostojanija v Respublike Koreya (‘Pragmatic Regionalism’of Chungcheong in the Context of Regional Confrontation in the Republic of Korea)", Jevoljucionnoe stranovedenie: Teorija i praktika. voprosy jekonomicheskoj i politicheskoj geografii zarubezhnyh stran (Evolutionary Country Studies:Theory and Practice, Questions of Economic and Political Geography of Foreign Countries), 21, pp.145~158 (2023)
- Forrest, J., "Spatial Aspects of Voting in the Dunedin City Council Elections of 1971", New Zealand Geographer, 29(2), pp.166~181 (1973)
- Forrest, J., "People, Places and Votes: Essays on the Electoral Geography of Australia and New Zealand", pp.35~50 (1977), Department of Geography, University of New England, Armidale, N.S.W
- Gimpel, James G., "Distance-decay in the Political Geography of Friends and-Neighbors Voting", Political Geography, 27(2), pp.231~252 (2008)[DOI]
- Górecki, Maciej A., "Local Voting at Local Elections Revisited: ‘Friends and Neighbors Voting’ at Mayoral Elections in Rural Poland", Political Geography, 94, pp.2~12 (2022)[DOI]
- Jeong, Soo-hyun, "Huboja-ui jiyeok daepyoseong-i deukpyoyul-gwa dangseonganeungseong-e michineun yeonghyangneok: Je-20-de gukhoeuiwon seongeo gyeolgwa-e daehan bunseok (Impact of a Candidate’s Regional Representation on His or Her Voter Turnout and Chances of Winning: An Analysis of the Results of the 20th National Assembly Election)", Hanguk jeongchi yeongu (Journal of Korean Politics), 26(2), pp.129~157 (2017)[DOI]
- Jhee, Byong-kuen, "The New Dynamics of Democracy in South Korea", pp.6~29 (2021), Routledge
- Johnston, Ronald J., "Spatial Elements in Voting Patterns at the 1968Christchurch City Council Election", Political Science, 24(1), pp.49~61 (1972)
- Johnston, Ronald J., "On Elections, Voting and Participation : Friends-and-Neighbours Voting in Victoria : A Note", Politics, 8(1), pp.151~154 (1978)[DOI]
- Johnston R. J., "Spatial‐structural Effects and the Geography of Voting in Australia, 1977", Australian Geographer, 16(4), pp.286~290 (1985)
- Kang, Woo Chang, "Local Economic Voting and Residence-based Regionalism in South Korea: Evidence from the 2007 Presidential Election", Journal of East Asian Studies, 16(3), pp.349~369 (2016)[DOI]
- Key, Valdimer O., "Southern Politics in State and Nation" (1949), A. A. Knopf
- Kim, Gi-dong, "Hanguk yugwonja-ui jiyeok jeong cheseong-gwa jiyeokjuui taedo (South Koreans’ Regional Identity and Regionalism)", Hanguk jeongchi hakhoebo (Korean Political Science Review), 56(1), pp.123~160 (2022)[DOI]
- Kim, Hee-min, "Changing Cleavage Structure in New Democracies : An Empirical Analysis of Political Cleavages in Korea", Electoral Studies, 27(1), pp.136~150 (2008)[DOI]
- Kim, Wang-Bae, "Regionalism : Its Origins and Substance with Competition and Exclusion", Korea Journal, 43(2), pp.5~31 (2003)
- Kim, Wook, "Chungcheong jiyeokjuui-wa minjujeok daepyoseong: Chungcheong yugwonja-ui jeongug daepyoseong nonui-reul jungsim-euro (Changing Chungcheong Regionalism and Its New Form:Representation of the Whole Electorate)", Bigyo minjujuui yeongu (Comparative Democracy Studies), 16(1), pp.159~188 (2020)
- "KOSIS (Korean Statistical Information Service)"[URL]
- Kramer, Daniel C., "‘Those People across the Water Just Don’t Know Our Problems’ : An Analysis of Friends and Neighbours Voting in a Geographically split Legislative District", Political Geography Quarterly, 9(2), pp.189~196 (1990)[DOI]
- Lee, Gap-yoon, "Hanguk-ui seongeo-wa jiyeokjuui (Elections and Regionalism in South Korea)" (1998), Oreum
- Lee, Hyun-Chool, "Changes in and Continuity of Regionalism in South Korea : A Spatial Analysis of the 2017 Presidential Election", Asian Survey, 60(3), pp.417~440 (2020)[DOI]
- Lee, Hyun-Chool, "A Spatial Analysis of the Voting Patterns in the South Korean General Elections of 2016", Social Sciences, 11(9), pp.389~402 (2022)[DOI]
- Lee, Jae-hyun, "Jiyeok jeongcheseong-gwa jiyeok sahoe hwaldong-i jeongchijeok hyoneunggam-e michineun yeonghyang: Daejeon, sejong, chungnam jiyeok-eul jungsim-euro (Influence of Regional Identity and Community Activities on the Political Effectiveness: Focusing on Daejeon, Sejong, and the Chungnam Region of Korea)", NGO yeongu (NGO Research), 14, pp.83~104 (2019)
- 20-dae daetongnyeong seongeo-wa jiyeokjuui-ui byeonhwa wa jisok (Twentieth Presidential Election and the Change and Continuity of Regionalism), "Lee, Jae-mook", EAI, 1~18 (2022)
- "McCarty on McCarthy: The Spatial Distribution of the McCarthy Vote, 1952" (1954)[URL]
- Put, Gert-Jan, "Fighting over Friends and Neighbors: The Effect of Inter Candidate Geographic Distance on Intra-Party Competition", Political Geography, 81, pp.11~22 (2020)[DOI]
- Stockton, Hans, "The Changing Dynamics of Regionalism in South Korea’s Elections", Global Economic Review, 33(3), pp.1~22 (2004)[DOI]
- Tatalovich, Raymond, "‘Friends and Neighbors’ Voting: Mississippi, 1943–73", Journal of Politics, 37(3), pp.807~814 (1975)[DOI]
- Thielemann, Gregory S., "Local Advantage in Campaign Financing: Friends, Neighbors, and Their Money in Texas Supreme Court Elections", Journal of Politics, 55(2), pp.472~478 (1993)[DOI]
- Turovskii, Rostislav F., "Regional’noe izmerenie elektoral’nogo processa (Regional Measurement of Electoral Process)", Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’ (Social Sciences and Modernity), 5, pp.1~20 (2006)
- Yea, Sallie, "Maps of Resistance and Geographies of Dissent in the Chŏlla Region of South Korea", Korean Studies, 24(1), pp.69~93 (2000)[DOI]