몽골제국 잔존세력의 후속 역사 소고 (小考) : 명대 (明代) 서북 (西北) 의 관서 (關西) 위소 (衛所) 를 중심으로
The Subsequent History of the Remaining Force of the Mongol Empire: Guan-xi Wei-suo of the Ming Dynasty
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본 연구는 몽골제국이 사라진 후 각 지역에 남았던 여러 몽골제국의 후예 중에 조치 울루스의 제(諸) 칸국이나 모굴 칸국 및 북원처럼 국가를 이루었다고 보기 어려운 군소 세력의 명멸 과정을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 명과 모굴 칸국, 북원과 티베트 사이에서 명의 군사 행정구역인 위소로 편성되어 있지만 구성원은 몽골, 티베트, 투르크 등 비한족이며, 명 의 강역 바깥에 존재하고 있으나 명과 긴밀한 관계를 지녔던 관서 7위가 바로 그들이다. 본고에서는 이들이 명의 위소로 편성된 시점부터 시작하여, 그들의 동족이었던 북·서부 몽골 세력의 침입과 그로 인해 발생한 내홍을 겪으며 폐지에 이르 는 과정을 세 단계로 나누어 살펴보고, 각 단계와 관련된 몇 가지 문제를 고찰할 것이다.
Abstract
This research examines the process of formation and destruction of small groups, which were the succeeding forces of the Mongol Empire that could not form a nation because of its size. These groups, Guan-xi 7 wei, was located between the Ming dynasty and Moghul khanate, Beiyuan, and Tibet. Their members are Mongolians, Tibetans and Turkish and not the Han tribes. The Han tribes were located outside of the Ming dynasty but had a close relationship with the other tribes, and they were organized into Ming’s military administrative districts, Wei-suo (衛所) . The Han tribes were organized as Ming’s Wei-suo from the late 14th century to the early 15th century, and were invaded by other succeeding forces of the Mongol Empire, which is Oirat (Western Mongol) : Eastern Mongol forces from the north and Moghul Khanate from the west during the 15th century. Some of the Han tribes moved to Ming’s territory and other Han tribes were subjected to the north-west powers in the early 16th century. This article examines all the process, divides the process into three stages, and considers several issues about each stage.
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