영국의 복지개혁 과정
The British Welfare Reforms: Searching for a new ‘Way’?
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The British social policy is inextricably bound up with governments and policies. Political party manifestos routinely include substantial proposals for changes in social policy. The British governmental system does enable a determined political party to pursue its policies relatively unchecked. In this paper we explores the British welfare reforms since the Second World War. In particular, the paper try to explore the Third Way of the Labour and Big Society of the coalition government presented as an alternative for British society. During the period of ‘Buttskellism’ or ‘politics of consensus’, political agreement and support for the expansion of public welfare was easier in the context of steady economic growth. However, economic crises of the 1970s dismantled the post-war consensus. Since then, pivotal elements of the Conservative approach to welfare were rolling back the state and reducing the costs of welfare provision. In addition, the incumbent coalition government also follows neo-Convservatism with Big Society support of state which establishes a bases of social support. On the other hand, the Labour Party also tried to transform the old style of social democratic ideology and policies and attempted to transform the British welfare state. In particular, the Third Way of the New Labour has criticised the First Way and the Second Way and asserts that it is an new ideology. However, as the study suggested that the Third Way and the Big Society are similar to the Thatcherism.
Abstract
The British social policy is inextricably bound up with governments and policies. Political party manifestos routinely include substantial proposals for changes in social policy. The British governmental system does enable a determined political party to pursue its policies relatively unchecked. In this paper we explores the British welfare reforms since the Second World War. In particular, the paper try to explore the Third Way of the Labour and Big Society of the coalition government presented as an alternative for British society. During the period of ‘Buttskellism’ or ‘politics of consensus’, political agreement and support for the expansion of public welfare was easier in the context of steady economic growth. However, economic crises of the 1970s dismantled the post-war consensus. Since then, pivotal elements of the Conservative approach to welfare were rolling back the state and reducing the costs of welfare provision. In addition, the incumbent coalition government also follows neo-Convservatism with Big Society support of state which establishes a bases of social support. On the other hand, the Labour Party also tried to transform the old style of social democratic ideology and policies and attempted to transform the British welfare state. In particular, the Third Way of the New Labour has criticised the First Way and the Second Way and asserts that it is an new ideology. However, as the study suggested that the Third Way and the Big Society are similar to the Thatcherism.
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