미국의 민권정치: 1964년 민권체제를 중심으로
Civil Rights System of 1964 in United States
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초록
이 글은 1964년 민권체제(Civil Rights System of 1964)를 중심으로 미국민주주의가 인종, 성/젠더, 이민자 등 다양한 정체성을 가진 집단 간 갈등과차별을 어떻게 해소 혹은 봉합해왔는지 분석한다. 특히 민권법(1964), 투표권법(1965), 적극적 평등실현조치(Affirmative Action), 민권위원회, 평등고용기회위원회 등에 주목하며, 차별 갈등이 다양한 행위자들(연방/주, 의회, 사법부, 정당, 민권운동 등) 간 연방제적 정치과정을 통해 점진적으로 발전해온 궤적을추적/분석하였다.
Abstract
This article addresses how American democracy have dealt with conflicts among various social groups including race, sex/gender, immigrants focusing on Civil Rights System of 1964. Specifically, my research delves into the Civil Rights Act(1964), Voting Rights Act(1965), Affirmative Action, Civil Rights Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. I found that various actors (i.e., Federal/State governments, Congress, Judiciary, parties, civil rights organizations, etc.) came into conflicts and cooperated with each other, which gave birth to a gradual historical trajectory featuring political process of federalism.
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