占書 『周易』의 미학적 인식에 관한 고찰— 術數易과 칸트 미학의 비교를 중심으로 —

Abstract

This thesis contemplates the aesthetic aspects of Zhōuyì(周易), especially shùshù(術數)’s epistemology of universe. The reason why this study connected Zhōuyì with Aesthetics is because Aethetics is the study of sensuous cognition discussing the metaphysics of sensitivity. It is said that “Those of metaphysics is called ‘Dao(道)’, while those of physical science is called ‘qì(器)’(形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器)”, which represent Zhōuyì tries to embrace all things and unify them toward the universal ideology and ultimately reach ‘Dao’. Guà(卦)⋅yao(爻) and Tuàn(彖)⋅Xiàng(象) express actual states of all things, which is signified in the statements, “Fúxī observed the form of the heaven and the law of the earth … taking them from himself nearby and objects from a distance … to make bagua.”(包犠氏 仰則觀象於天 俯則觀法於地, 近取諸身, 遠取諸物 … 作八卦). The comparative study of aesthetic cognition in Zhōuyì with western aesthetics, especially Kant’s is referring to his concepts: ‘Purposiveness (Zweckmäßigkeit)’, ’Judgment of taste(Geschmacksurteil)’, ’Imagination (Einbildungskraft)’, ’the Sublime(das Erhabene) and Genius(Genie). Zhōuyì’s cognition of nature, the creation of ‘signs and diction’, the interaction of imagination coincide with ‘intellectus’ and their abstract in its interpretation are also contemplated through the aesthetic perspectives. Especially the functions of ‘number(數)’ connecting the energy with ‘god(神)’ and ambiguity in the judgment of good or ill luck(吉⋅凶) in shùshù are the specifics of the contemplation together with the concept of ‘play(spiel)’. It is suggested as a major role of aesthetics; act of divination, judgment of good of ill luck and war, in the conclusion of this paper. There are not much precedent researches comparing Zhōuyì divination with western philosophical thoughts. This paper deliberates the reasoning system of Zhōuyì, especially that of shùshù which was developed from inference function of gua and yao system comparing with the significant concepts described in Kant’s Critique of Judgment.