가상 소방 훈련에서 컨트롤러 양식에 따른 사용자 요인 조사
Investigating Human Factors in VR Control Modality in a FireFighting Training Context
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초록
가상현실 컨트롤러(virtual reality controller)는 사용자와 VR 컨텐츠 간의 상호작용을 지원하는 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 많은 VR 시스템들에서는 실제 장비와 동일한 모양으로 제작된 컨트롤러를 사용할 수 있도록 지원하고 있다. 하지만, 추가 도구를 사용한다는 것은 보다 현실적인 환경의 제공이라는 긍정적인 효과도 있지만, 사용자의 인지적 부담 증가와 같은 부정적인 영향도 있을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 VR 기반 훈련 시스템 개발에 있어서 다양한 VR 컨트롤러 도구의 사용과 사용자 경험을 ―현존감, 학습 경험, 인지 부하 ― 세 가지 관점에서 다룬다. 이를 위해 자체 VR 소방 훈련 시스템을 개발하였고, 필수 소방 도구를 제작하여 VR 시스템 내에서 실제처럼 조작할 수 있도록 하였으며, 두 번의 사용자 스터디(user study)를 통해 기본 컨트롤러 기반의 시스템(standard), 실제 도구가 적용된 VR 시스템(real tools), 하이브리드(hybrid) 시스템에서의 사용자 경험을 분석하였다. 실험 결과, hybrid 방식이 기존 방식들에 비하여 더 높은 수준의 현존감 및 학습성을, 기본 컨트롤러와 비슷한 수준의 인지 부하를 보였다. 이는 다수의 실제 도구를 사용하는 것이 반드시 더 높은 수준의 사용자 경험을 보장할 수 있는 것이 아님을 보여주며, VR 시스템의 컨트롤러 개발 및 활용의 전략적인 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
A virtual reality (VR) controller plays a key role in supporting interactions between users and the virtual environment, and many VR systems have developed tools that are identical to actual equipment. While the use of real tools can provide a more realistic experience, it can also have negative effects, such as an increased cognitive burden on users. We studied such an aspect through the lenses of three human factor constructs - perceived presence, learning experience, and cognitive load. We developed a VR firefighting training system integrated with essential firefighting tools, which were physically identical to the real ones. We conducted two user studies to compare the user experience for the VR system with the standard VR controllers, the one with the real tools, and a hybrid system. As a result, the hybrid condition showed similar levels of perceived presence and learning experiences than the real tool condition and a similar level of cognitive load as the standard controller condition. This shows that having a larger number of real devices does not necessarily guarantee a higher level of user experience and suggests a strategic approach to the development and utilization of control devices in VR systems.
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