급성 담석성 췌장염에서 내시경 유두 괄약근절개술 및 담낭절제술의 역할
The Roles of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Cholecystectomy in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
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목적: 급성 담석성 췌장염 재발은 담석을 제거하면 예방할 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 급성 담석성 췌장염의 자연 경과와 내시경 유두 괄약근절개술(endoscopic sphincterotomy, EST) 또는 담낭절제술 후 임상 경과를 비교하였다. 또한, 담낭절제술을 시행하지 않았을 때 급성 담낭염 발생률과 위험인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년 1월부터 2005년 4월까지 서울대학교병원에서 급성 담석성 췌장염으로 진단된 113명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 특별한 치료를 시행하지 않은 25명에서는 평균 36개월 추적관찰기간 동안 15명(60%)에서 췌장염이 재발하였으며, EST만 시행한 52명에서는 평균 29.8개월 동안 재발이 없었다. 담낭절제술을 시행한 36명에서는 평균 35.2개월 동안 1명에서 재발하였다. 특별한 치료를 시행하지 않은 환자군에서 췌장염 재발을 예견할 수 있는 위험인자는 찾을 수 없었다. 급성 담낭염은 평균 33.3개월 동안 담낭절제술을 시행하지 않은 환자 77명 중 7명(9.1%)에서 발생하였으며, 담낭담석과 총담관석을 동시에 갖고 있는 환자에서 좀 더 발생하는 경향이 있었다. 결론: 특별한 치료를 하지 않는 경우 급성 담석성 췌장염 환자의 60%에서 재발을 경험하였고 EST가 췌장염 재발을 예방할 수가 있었다. 담낭절제술은 췌장염 재발 방지를 위하여 EST 후 항상 필요하지 않으며 담낭염 예방을 위하여 첫 발현 시 담낭담석과 총담관석을 동시에 가지고 있는 환자에서 권장된다.
Abstract
Background/Aims: Stone removal can prevent recurrence of acute biliary pancreatitis. This study examined the natural course of acute biliary pancreatitis and compared the results obtained using endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and cholecystectomy. In addition, the incidence and risk factors associated with acute cholecystitis were estimated when a cholecystectomy had not been performed. Methods: The medical records of 113 patients diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1990 to April 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Twenty-five patients received no specific treatment of which 15 (60.0%) experienced a recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36.0 months. Fifty-two patients received EST only and did not experience a recurrence during a mean follow-up of 29.8 months. Thirty-six patients underwent a cholecystectomy, and 1 (2.8%) patient experienced a second attack during a follow-up of 35.2 months. The clinical factors predictive of pancreatitis recurrence in patients without treatment could not be identified. Acute cholecystitis developed in 7 out of 77 (9.1%) patients who did not receive a cholecystectomy during a mean follow-up period of 33.3 months, and patients with both gallbladdor and common bile duct stones were found to be more prone to a recurrence. Conclusions: Sixty percent of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis without treatment experienced a second attack, which could be prevented by EST. A cholecystectomy is not always necessary as a routine treatment after EST for preventing pancreatitis, and is recommended for patients with both visible gallbladdor and common bile duct stones at the time of the first attack. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33:152-158)
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