장애차별금지법이 장애인 고용유지에 미치는 영향 : 직무만족도의 매개효과를 중심으로
The Effects of the Disability Anti-Discrimination Law on the Job Tenure of Disabled Workers : Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Job Satisfaction
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이 연구는 장애차별금지법이 장애인 고용에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 장애차별금지법의 고용효과에 대한 연구들이 전체 장애인 고용률 위주로 진행된 것과 달리 이 연구는 고용유지(근속기간)를 종속변수로 하여 장애인 근로자 개인에 대한 장애차별금지법의 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구모형은 고용지위(정규직 여부)가 직무만족도를 부분매개 변수로 하여 근속기간에 미치는 영향과 장애차별금지법의 주요 요인인 정당한 편의제공 수준 및 직접 차별경험이 직무만족도를 완전매개 변수로 하여 근속기간에 미치는 영향을 검증하려는 것이다. 2012년 5차 장애인고용패널 자료 중 현재의 직장에서 지속근무가 가능하다고 응답한 임금근로자 779명에 대해 연구모형을 검증하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 직무만족도는 정규직 여부의 근속기간에 대한 영향을 부분매개 한다. 그러므로 장애인 근로자의 고용유지를 위해서는 비정규직의 정규직화뿐 아니라, 비정규직 근로자의 직무만족도를 높이는 것도 중요하다. 둘째, 정당한 편의제공 수준과 직접 차별 경험은 직무만족도를 매개로 근속기간에 영향을 미친다. 즉 장애차별금지법에 규정된 정당한 편의제공과 직접 차별금지는 직무만족도를 높이는 요인이면서 더 나아가 장애인 고용유지에 기여하는 요인인 것이다. 따라서 장애차별금지법은 장애인 근로자 개인 차원에서도 고용을 안정시키는 일정한 고용효과를 가지고 있다고 하겠다.
Abstract
When exploring the policy effects of the disability anti-discrimination law, prior studies have tended to focus on its effects on the employment rate of disabled workers. As such, they have not been able to fully reveal the effects on individual workers’ job conditions such as their job tenure. This study examines the effects of the disability anti-discrimination law on the job tenure of disabled workers. Our model explores the effects by examining the mediating effects of job satisfaction in two ways: (1) how employment status (permanent/temporary) influences job tenure through the partial mediating effects of job satisfaction, (2) how the level of reasonable accommodation and the degree of discrimination experience influence job tenure through the total mediating effects of job satisfaction. We use the fifth wave of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (2012), selecting those respondents who answer that they can maintain their jobs as long as there are no exceptional situations such as the liquidation of their companies. The findings are as follows: (1) Job satisfaction has partial mediating effects on the relationship between employment status and job tenure. This means that improving workers’ job satisfaction is as important as the stability of their employment status; (2) Job satisfaction has total mediating effects on the relationship between the components of the law (reasonable accommodation and discrimination experience) and job tenure. This means that these components are important to the stability of employment of disabled workers.
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