백촌강전투와 대마도

Abstract

The battle of Backchon River was the first international war among Silla(新羅) and Backjae(百濟) in Korean peninsula, Tang(唐) in Chinese continent, Wa(倭) in Japanese archipelago. It influenced Wa greatly to reestablish the system of state, but one commonplace battle of serial battles to Silla and Tang. In October 663, 1,000 battleships carrying 27,000 soldiers engaged in battle with the naval forces of Tang, and was completely defeated to lose 400 ships. Why did Wa decide to dispatch troops overseas, in spite of foreseen danger. There are several opinions to explain the aim of dispatching troops from the perspective of international relationships, domestic situation, innate world view of Wa or retribution to Silla. In addition to these opinions, it is useful to suggest the multiplicative aim to reconstruct Backjae and to chastise Silla. In 658, Wa subjugated the Emisi tribe(蝦夷) resident in Mutsu and Hokkaido area by 180 ships to create barbarian to obey the ruler. The number of ships is very similar to that battleships dispatched first to Korean peninsular. The aim of the first dispatch was to assist Backjae remnants for her reconstruction. But the second dispatch consisted with nation wide troops was to punish Silla which had destroyed Backjae. After defeated in battle, Wa sent officer called Kokusi(國司) to Tsusima, raised the status from Sima(島) to Kuni(國) and built the mountain castle for maintaining surveillance and protecting the invasion from Korean peninsular. Front guard(防人) and beacon mounds were also the defense methods. The battle of Backchon River was an epoch-making event to Tsusima which definitely became the local administrative district of Wa.