‘到’表处所义的‘V到X’句型历史演变研究

Abstract

“Dao” being used after a verb, and thereafter is a Locative or Locative Phrase, the “Dao” have the Locative meaning. The whole sentence represents people or things get somewhere with the action. We denote this type of sentences by “V Dao X”. “Dao” in this type of sentence roughly has six semantic features. From the diachronic development point of view, the timing is different for above mentioned six V entering into “V Dao X” format: V1 verbs first entered the format, later V2 verbs also entered this format. Early on, these two types can be directly after the verb object with premises and thus with the “Dao” constitute a hyperactivity of accusative type. V4 verbs entered into the formats earlier than V3 verbs. Early entering into this format, two verbs are intended to indicate the manner in which agent to reach somewhere. As V4 verbs implied “resulting displacement patient grammatical meaning, after V and “Dao” syncretized, the difference between two types of verbs gradually became apparent. Although early V4 focuses on that Angle arrived somewhere, but also implies causing Patient to move, thus pushing the other righteous verbs to enter which only represents “cause someone or something to move”. Among them, the Patient is "person" preceding verb. This article referred to as V5; Patient is “material” preceding verbs, this is denoted V6.