권위주의 정부 시기의 과학기술문화활동 분석 –공공 및 민간 부문을 중심으로
An Analysis on the Cultural Activity of Science and Technology in Authoritarian Government Period - Focusing on Public and Private Sector
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초록
이 연구에서는 이승만 정부부터 노태우 정부까지 공공 및 민간 부문에서 전개해 온 과학기술문화활동을 분석하였다. 이승만 정부 시기에는 국내 과학기술이 초보적인 수준이었고 과학기술문화활동에 대한 관심도 극히 제한적이었다. 그러므로 공공 부문에서의 과학기술인력 양성을 제외하고는 과학기술문화활동이 매우 미약했고 민간 부문에서의 활동은 전무했다고 볼 수 있다. 박정희 정부 시기에는 과학기술문화활동이 주로 공공 부문을 중심으로 전개되었다. 특히 전국민의 과학화를 표방하면서 다양한 분야에서의 과학기술문화활동이 이루어졌다. 민간 부문에서의 활동은 과학기술출판 분야가 두드러지게 나타났다. 민간 출판사의 과학기술도서출판 활동과 그에 따른 한국과학저술인협회 발족 등은 그동안 전무했던 민간 부분의 과학기술문화활동의 출발점이 되었다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 전두환 정부 시기의 과학기술문화활동은 공공 및 민간 부분에서 모두 확대되었다. 그러나 전국민의 과학화라는 지향점은 이전 시기의 것을 그대로 답습하였다. 중앙에서 추진된 과학기술문화활동이 지방까지 체계적으로 이행되지 못한 측면이 있다는 한계가 있으나 이 시기에는 민간 부분에서 과학기술언론 분야의 활동이 대두되었다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 노태우 정부 시기에는 청소년의 과학화를 내세워 과학기술에 대한 인식 제고와 이해 확산 프로그램을 운영하였다. 과학기술진흥법의 제정과 과학기술진흥기금의 설치는 과학기술문화활동의 활성화에 기여한 측면이 있다. 특히 민간 부문에서의 과학기술문화활동이 다양해졌는데, 과학기술에 대한 일반의 이해를 높이기 위한 단체 결성 등이 이루어져 성과를 나타내었다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the cultural activity of science and technology performed by public and private sector from Lee Seung-man Government until Rho Tae-woo Government. The level of domestic science and technology was elementary and the interest in cultural activity of science and technology was limited in Lee Seung-man Government period. Therefore, the cultural activity of science and technology performed by public sector was very weak except fostering science-technology manpower and there was no cultural activity of science and technology performed by private sector. The cultural activity of science and technology developed mainly based on public sector in Park Jung-hee Government period. Especially, as Park Jung-hee Government claimed to support the scientification of whole nation, the cultural activity of science and technology was carried out in various field. The press field of science and technology was very active in the activity of private sector. The press activity of science and technology book published by private publisher and the establishment of Korean Science Writer Association became point to start the cultural activity of science and technology performed by private sector. The cultural activity of science and technology which was carried out in Jun Doo-whan Government period expanded in public and private sector. But the scientification of whole nation which Jun Doo-whan Government claimed to stand for succeeded to previous Park Jung-hee Government. There were limitations that the cultural activity of science and technology which was carried forward by center was not implemented systematically to the region. The activity of science and technology journalism performed by private sector was very active in Jun doo-whan Government period. Rho Tae-woo Government raised the recognition of science and technology and operated program to enlighten science and technology widely, claiming to support the scientification of youth. To legislate Science and Technology Promotion Act and to establish Science and Technology Promotion Fund contributed to activating the cultural activity of science and technology. Specially, the cultural activity of science and technology performed by private sector diversified. The typical example was the formation of organizations to enlighten science and technology widely.
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