Steinbeck의 “The Vigilante”에 나타난 탈개인화 군중심리 현상에 관하여
On the Phenomenon of Crowd Psychology through Deindividuation Shown in Steinbeck’s “The Vigilante”
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이 논문은 인문학과 사회과학의 융합적 시도로서 John Steinbeck의 단편 소설 “The Vigilante”에 나타난 군중심리의 성격을 정의하고, 이 시대 집단화된 폭력성의 원인을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이것을 위해서 필자들은 19세기 중반에 시작된 군중심리이론들 즉 Gustave Le Bon의 의견, Freud의 심리학, 수렴 이론, 규범발생 이론, 사회적 정체성 이론, 탈개인화 이론의 내용을 살펴본다. 이후 현대사회에 심각한 문제가 되고 있는 온라인에서의 집단적 행위는 물론 국제적 테러단체의 폭력성의 원인으로서 탈개인화 현상이 대두되고 있음을 강조하고, 그 구체적인 양태를 “The Vigilante”에서 찾는다. 그 결과 주인공 Mike가 군중심리에 따른 주민들의 폭력적 살인행위에 가담하고 그 이후에 심각한 공허함을 느낀 경험으로부터 개인의 윤리적 통제와 사회의 구속력이 약화된 상황에서 상당한 자극이 발생한 경우 누구든지 무분별하게 행동할 수 있음이 밝혀진다. 이 논문의 기대효과로서 각종 집회와 시위가 넘치는 현대에 문학작품을 통한 탈개인화 군중심리의 분석은 범죄학뿐만 아니라 정책학으로도 유용할 것이다.
Abstract
This paper, as a convergence attempt of Humanities and Social Studies, aims to define the characteristic of crowd psychology shown in John Steinbeck’s short story “The Vigilante” and illuminate what causes the collectivized violence these days. For this purpose, we study the crowd psychology theories beginning from the middle of the 19th century, such as Le Bon’s idea, Freudian theory, Convergence theory, Emergent norm theory, Social identity theory, and Deindividuation theory. After this, we emphasize that the phenomenon of deindividuation comes to the fore as a reason for international terrorist groups’ violence as well as the collective online activities becoming one of the maladies afflicting modern society and find out the specific aspects in “The Vigilante.” Through this analysis, it is revealed that anyone can act indiscreetly once a considerable stimulus occurs in the situation where individuals lack ethical control, and the society wants more binding force. As an expectancy effect, in the modern times flooded with all sorts of assembly and demonstration, analysing the mob psychology through deindividuation by using a literary work is useful for policy studies as well as criminology.
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