픽션을 통한 피해자학의 독립과학성 제고
Raising the Scientific Independence of the Victimology through a Fiction
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이 논문은 인문학과 사회과학의 융합적 시도로서 그 동안 피해자학의 발전을 방해해왔던 요인과 발전 가능성을 선행연구에 비추어 고찰하고, 그것의 대안으로서 피해자 경향성을 관찰할 수 있는 기회로서 John Steinbeck의 소설 The Pastures of Heaven에 나타난 등장인물들의 행위를 소개하고, 그 양상을 피해자학에 원용하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그동안 형사정책학의 한 영역으로서 피해자학은 범죄학 즉 범죄와 범죄인에 대한 사실학적 연구의 한 부분으로만 여겨져 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이 학문은 범죄형성에 직간접적으로 원인을 제공할 만큼 독립적인 과학으로서 가치가 주목받아왔다. 하지만 피해자학의 이론적 배경이 충분하지 않다는 점, 피해자들의 권리와 그들을 위한 원조에 치우친 관심, 교육 자료와 학계로부터의 동의가 부족한 점이 이 학문의 발전의 걸림돌로서 여전하다. 그러므로 상황적 범죄예방을 다룬 픽션을 통해서 예상이 가능한 피해자의 유형을 파악한다는 점에서 이 연구는 융합학문적 시도의 효과를 반영한다.
Abstract
This paper, as a convergence attempt of Humanities and Social Studies, aims to discuss the factors having hindered the development of victimology and its possibility of growth in the light of the preceding research, introduce the characters’ behaviors shown in The Pastures of Heaven by John Steinbeck, and apply their aspects to victimology as the opportunity of observing the victim precipitation as its alternative. To date, victimology, as an area of criminal policy studies, has been considered merely as a part of the research of criminology, the actual science regarding crimes and criminals. Nevertheless, the value of this discipline has received attention as an independent science much enough to provide the direct and indirect reasons for forming crimes. However, we still see many obstacles to the development of this academic field such as lack of sufficient theoretical orientation, slanted focus on victims’ rights and assistance for them, shortage of teaching contents and consent from academia. Therefore, this research reflects the effect of the attempt of disciplinary convergence in that it grasps the situational crime prevention through the fiction treating the people who are vulnerable to crimes.
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