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IMF 금융 위기 이후 외국계 기업 R&D는 활성화되었는가?

Have R&D Activities of Foreign Affiliated Firms been More Active than Those in the Financial Crisis Period?

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 논문은 한국의 1997년의 금융 위기 이후 이루어진 외국계 기업에 대한 투자 유치 정책의 선회 결과 이루어진 급속한 외국계 기업의 설립과 외국계 기업 연구개발 센타의 설립이 연구개발 활성화로 귀결되었는지를 점검하고 연구개발 활성화의 패턴을 살펴보고자 하였다. 특허출원 자료를 중심으로 분석한 결과 1997년 이후 한국에서의 외국기업의 유입에 의해 연구개발활동이 활성화되었다는 증거를 찾기 어려웠다. 1999년과 2005년간의 특허 출원 결과를 분석 해 보면 외국계 기업의 연간 출원 특허수는 다소 증가의 추이를 보이고 있으나 국내 기업의 증가 추이에 비해 떨어지기 때문이다. 본 연구는 그 이유를 국내 기업이 외국계 기업에 인수되면서 연구개발활동이 위축된 점, 내수 시장 지향적 외국계 기업 가운데 연구개발활동이 축소된 점에 기인한 것으로 보고 있다. 전체적으로 연구개발활동이 활성화되지 않았다고 하나 연구개발활동이 활성화된 사례 기업군이 존재한다. 1999년 대비 2005년에 연구개발활동이 성장하는 패턴을 보이는 기업군 가운데 최다 특허 출원한 기업군의 특징을 분석한 결과 이들 기업은 국내에서 가장 높은 수준의 경쟁력을 유지하고 있는 한국국적 선도적 다국적 기업과의 하청 관계에 있는 기업의 비중이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 발견을 바탕으로 성장세를 유지하는 기업의 사례를 설명하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 우리나라의 외국계 기업의 연구개발활동을 촉진하기 위해서는 이와 같이 연구개발활동이 확대되고 있는 주요 외국계 기업군의 특징과 메커니즘을 파악하여 이들의 연구개발활동이 활성화되는 정책을 추진해야 할 필요성을 주장하였다.

Abstract

There has been a remarkable influx of foreign investment and establishment of foreign R&D centers after the financial crisis in 1997. This paper examines whether the foreign firms' R&D activities have been vitalized over a decade through analysing patent data. It is found that R&D activities of foreign affiliated firms (with more than 50% equity share) as a whole did not increase much, recording lower rate of increase in patenting activities than those of non foreign affiliated firms in Korea. R&D activities of some of the leading 25 foreign firms, majority of whom used to be Chaebol affiliated companies, were acquired by foreign companies and became less active than before the acquisition. Because majority of foreign affiliated firms' R&D activities are targeted at domestic market, foreign affiliated firms do not find much incentive to carry out R&D beyond exploiting technology developed abroad. However there are some foreign affiliated firms who have been aggressively expanding their R&D activities. These are those firms who have been in user-producer relationship with the leading Chaebol companies, who are one of the major players in global market. The implication out of the empirical findings is discussed.

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