스톡옵션 도입공시와 주가반응
Market Reaction to Stock Option Plans Adoption
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초록
본 연구에서는 스톡옵션 도입공시가 1) 과연 대리문제 완화예상에 따른 주주富의 증가로 나타는지, 2) 부여받은 기업경영자의 옵션 보유/행사 가치증대 목적에 의한 위험추구 의사결정 가능성에 따라 주가변동성 증가로 나타나는지를 1997.1∼2000.12의 4개년 동안 92개 거래소 상장기업의 110공시건, 31개 코스닥 등록기업의 31공시건을 최종대상으로 실증분석하였다. 前者를 위해 정상수익률을 측정하기 위한 모수추정은 공시전 (-)150일∼(-)60일까지의 주가수익률을 기초로 시장모형(market model)을 이용하였고, 공시전 (-)30일부터 공시후 (+)30일 사이의 매일의 초과수익률과 누적초과수익률을 추정하여 통계적 유의성을 t-test로써 검정하였다. 분석결과 거래소 상장기업과 코스닥 등록기업 모두 공시일(0)에 유의적인 (+)초과수익률을 보였고, 공시직전·후기간의 누적초과수익률 또한 거래소 상장기업과 코스닥 등록기업 모두 (+)값을 보여 스톡옵션 도입공시에 따라 주주부가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 코스닥 등록기업보다 거래소 상장기업의 경우에 주주부의 증가현상이 상대적으로 현저하였다. 그리고 後者를 위해 스톡옵션의 도입공시일을 전후하여 각각 (-90∼-30)과 (+30∼+90), (-150∼-90)과 (+90∼+150), (-150∼-30)과 (+30∼+150)로 구분, 시장요인에 의한 변동의 영향을 제거하기 위해 해당 표본기업 주가수익률의 분산을 시장수익률(종합주가지수 변화율과 코스닥지수 변화율)의 분산으로 나눈 분산비율을 이용하여 위험증가여부를 Wilcoxon Matched-Paired Signed-Ranks Test로써 검정하였다. 검정결과 모든 구간에 걸쳐 공시전보다 공시후에 주가변동성(위험)이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 주주경영자간 대리문제 완화라는 스톡옵션도입의 긍정적인 효과에 대한 증거를 발견한 점에 의의가 있다고 여겨진다.
Abstract
This study empirically analyzes the capital market reaction to the adoption of stock option plans in Korea. The object of stock option program is to resolve the agency problem between stockholders and CEOs. But CEOs have incentives to seek risky projects to increase the value of their stock options. This paper investigates 1) whether the capital market responds positively to the announcement of adopting stock option plans, 2) whether the adoption of stock option plans leads to risk-seeking decisions by CEOs, therefore it increases stock price volatility. The final samples of this study are composed of 110 firms listed on Korea Stock Exchange, and 31 firms on Kosdaq which has adopted the stock option plans from January, 1997 to December, 2000. The market-risk adjusted return model(market model) is used to estimate abnormal returns to capture the effect of stock option plans adoption on stockholders,. And the t-test of parametric statistics and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test of non-parametric statistics are used to test the change of risk(stock price variance/market variance) around the announcement date. Findings are as follows. First, capital market responds positively (statistically significant positive abnormal return) on the announcement date in both markets (Korea Stock Exchange and Kosdaq). Second, the stock price volatility for five months(trading days) after the announcement of stock option plans adoption decreases in both markets. But this result does not necessarily mean that any evidence on the risk-seeking behavior by CEOs was not found on account of short window just after announcement of the stock option plans adoption.
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