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변화준비성의 강화 : IT기반 조직변화 관점

Reinforcing Readiness for Change: IT-Driven Organizational Change Perspective

곽기영
한국산업경영학회 (Korean Association Of Industrial Business Administrarion)|2008.02|경영연구 (Journal of Business Research)|제23권 제1호|pp. 45-73|DOI 10.22903/jbr.2008.23.1.45

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ERP 시스템ERP Systems변화준비성Readiness for ChangeIT기반 조직변화IT 구현IT-driven Organizational ChangeIT Implementation
주제분류경영학

초록

IT를 기반으로 한 조직변화라는 관점에서 볼 때 ERP 시스템의 구현은 시스템에 있어서의 변화뿐만 아니라 프로세스 및 기타 조직적 차원에 있어서의 변화도 수반한다. ERP 시스템이 비즈니스 및 시스템의 통합으로부터 프로세스 개선 및 이를 통한 중요한 전략적 이득을 가져다 줄 것으로 기대하고 있지만, 다른 한편으로는 높은 실패율과 기대에 못 미치는 성과로 인해 어려움을 겪어왔다. 그러한 실패를 가져오는 대표적 이유 중의 하나가 조직구성원 즉 잠재적 사용자의 변화에 대한 저항인 것으로 알려져 있다. 변화에 대한 준비성이 ERP 시스템 구현과 같은 IT 기반의 조직변화 상황에서 변화에 대한 저항을 줄이는 한 방안이라는 인식하에, 본 연구에서는 변화에 대한 준비성의 형성요인과 ERP 시스템의 사용의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 변화에 대한 준비성은 두 영역으로부터의 네 요인에 의해 향상될 수 있다는 사실을 발견하였다: (1) 개인적 특성 영역 – 조직몰입과 지각된 개인역량, (2) 기술적 특성 영역 – 지각된 유용성과 지각된 사용용이성. 또한, 변화에 대한 준비성이 대상 시스템의 기술적 특성과 함께 ERP 시스템 사용의도에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 사실을 발견하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 정보시스템 관련 이론을 발전시키는데 도움을 주고, ERP 시스템 관련 실무자들에게 통찰력을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) systems require the restructuring of an organization’s portfolio of transaction-processing application systems to achieve integration of business processes, systems and information. Thus, ERP systems implementation requires changes not only in systems but also in processes and other social or organizational dimensions. Although ERP systems have promised major strategic benefits and process improvements from business and technology integration, their implementation has been plagued by a high failure rate and difficulty in realizing the promised benefits. One of the most critical failure reasons is potential user resistance to change. Based on this background, this study focuses on the development of readiness for change as a way to ease an IT-driven organizational change, including ERP systems implementations. By recognizing that readiness for change is a way for reducing resistance to change in IT-driven organizational change such as ERP systems implementations, we have examined the formation of readiness for change and its effect on ERP usage intention. We have found that readiness for change can be enhanced with the identification of four factors across two domains: individuals’ attachment to an organization and perceived competence regardless of the focal system(organizational commitment and perceived personal competence) and technological characteristics of the focal system(perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use). In addition, we have found that readiness for change positively impacts ERP usage intention together with the technological characteristics of the focal system. This study offers several contributions to theory and practice. From the theoretical perspective, we examine how readiness for change is formed by identifying the antecedents, and consider what role it plays by explaining its effects on the adoption of ERP systems by users. From the practical perspective, we offer managerial insights for ERP practitioners on the development and effect of readiness for change in an ERP project. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed along with its limitations.

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