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The Continuity and Change of North Korea’s China Policy under Kim Jong-un

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Viewing economic and trade cooperation, high-level personnel exchanges and public opinion as indicators, it can clearly be seen that since Kim Jong-un came to power, relations between China and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) have experienced three periods of obvious change: inheriting the friendly policy toward China that existed during Kim Jong-Il’s reign, declining into a cool period, and gradually recovering from that state. During these three periods, Kim Jong-un’s policies toward China and DPRK-China relations have experienced both continuity and change. The former is reflected in the following: despite ups and downs in the relationship between the two countries, it eventually returned to a cooperative state; the nuclear and missile issue and China-Republic of Korea (ROK) relations are still the two most important variables affecting North Korea’s China policy; and North Korea’s China policy continues to pursue a strategy of external balance. The distinct features of Kim Jong-un’s China policy are: a heightened stress on national autonomy; a policy formulated more toward China on national interests, while downplaying the influence of ideology and China-DPRK traditions; and seizing the initiative of the bilateral relationship. In the future, the development of China-DPRK relations will be subject to COVID-19 influences in the short term, while the North Korean nuclear issue and China-United States relations will affect the direction of bilateral relations in the medium and long term.

Abstract

Viewing economic and trade cooperation, high-level personnel exchanges and public opinion as indicators, it can clearly be seen that since Kim Jong-un came to power, relations between China and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) have experienced three periods of obvious change: inheriting the friendly policy toward China that existed during Kim Jong-Il’s reign, declining into a cool period, and gradually recovering from that state. During these three periods, Kim Jong-un’s policies toward China and DPRK-China relations have experienced both continuity and change. The former is reflected in the following: despite ups and downs in the relationship between the two countries, it eventually returned to a cooperative state; the nuclear and missile issue and China-Republic of Korea (ROK) relations are still the two most important variables affecting North Korea’s China policy; and North Korea’s China policy continues to pursue a strategy of external balance. The distinct features of Kim Jong-un’s China policy are: a heightened stress on national autonomy; a policy formulated more toward China on national interests, while downplaying the influence of ideology and China-DPRK traditions; and seizing the initiative of the bilateral relationship. In the future, the development of China-DPRK relations will be subject to COVID-19 influences in the short term, while the North Korean nuclear issue and China-United States relations will affect the direction of bilateral relations in the medium and long term.

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