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Pathogenetic factors involved in recurrent pregnancy loss from multiple aspects

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초록

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common complication in obstetrics, affecting about 5% of women of childbearingage. An increase in the number of abortions results in escalation in the risk of miscarriage. Although concentratedresearch has identified numerous causes for RPL, about 50% of them remain unexplained. Pregnancy is a complexprocess, comprising fertilization, implantation, organ and tissue differentiation, and fetal growth, which is effectivelycontrolled by a number of both maternal and fetal factors. An example is the immune response, in which T cells andnatural killer cells participate, and inflammation mediated by tumor necrosis factor or colony-stimulating factor,which hinders embryo implantation. Furthermore, vitamin D affects glucose metabolism and inhibits embryonicdevelopment, whereas microRNA has a negative effect on the gene expression of embryo implantation anddevelopment. This review examines the causes of RPL from multiple perspectives, and focuses on the numerousfactors that may result in RPL.

Abstract

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common complication in obstetrics, affecting about 5% of women of childbearingage. An increase in the number of abortions results in escalation in the risk of miscarriage. Although concentratedresearch has identified numerous causes for RPL, about 50% of them remain unexplained. Pregnancy is a complexprocess, comprising fertilization, implantation, organ and tissue differentiation, and fetal growth, which is effectivelycontrolled by a number of both maternal and fetal factors. An example is the immune response, in which T cells andnatural killer cells participate, and inflammation mediated by tumor necrosis factor or colony-stimulating factor,which hinders embryo implantation. Furthermore, vitamin D affects glucose metabolism and inhibits embryonicdevelopment, whereas microRNA has a negative effect on the gene expression of embryo implantation anddevelopment. This review examines the causes of RPL from multiple perspectives, and focuses on the numerousfactors that may result in RPL.

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