난소암에서 항암제 감수성-저항성 검사의 역할
The Role of Chemotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance Assays in Ovarian Cancer
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=항암제 감수성-저항성 검사는 실험적으로 환자의 종양 조직 표본이 특정 항암제에 반응하는지 알아보는 검사이다. 현재까지 인간 종양 클론 측정법, 조직배양 항암제 감수성 측정법, 감별 염색 세포독성 측정법, MTT 측정법, ATP 측정법 및 극한 약제 저항성 측정법과 같은 다양한 체외 검사법들이 개발되었다. 이론적으로 항암제 감수성-저항성 검사는 환자 개인마다 가장 효과적인 약제를 투여하고 불필요한 치료를 줄일 수 있는 보다 합리적인 치료방침을 결정할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 난소암 환자의 항암제 감수성을 예측하기 위한 몇 가지 임상 시험에서 약 90%의 예측 정확도가 보고되었으나, 어떤 검사법도 임상에서는 적용되지 못하고 있는데 그 이유는 여러 가지 복잡한 요인들이 항암화학요법의 성적을 결정하여 생체 내 반응을 예측하기 어렵게 만들기 때문이다. 예를 들면 조직 표본이 환자의 종양 전체를 대표하지 못할 수 있고 체외 검사 결과가 종양의 반응, 환자의 생존율, 치료와 연관된 부작용과 같은 중요한 치료 성적과 완전히 일치하지 않는다. 그러므로 항암제 감수성-저항성 검사 결과가 반응률 및 생존율과 같은 환자의 치료성적과 상관관계가 있는지 평가하기 위한 대규모 무작위 임상시험이 필요하다. 만일 성공을 거둔다면 장래에 난소암 환자에게 환자 맞춤형 치료를 할 수 있게 될 것으로 전망한다.
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