한일병합(1910년) 이전 남산대신궁의 종교적 성격에 관한 연구 -거류민신사의 서민종교성을 중심으로-

Abstract

Shinto shrines in the Japanese colonial period are largely divided into a shrine founded by Japanese residents in Joseon and a shrine founded by government and public institutions in the Japanese colonial period. Joseon shrine founded by Joseon Governor-General, a representative shrine in Joseon, and representative shrines in each region after the Japanese seizure of Korea were aggressively used as the shrine’s visit for making subjects of the Japanese emperor and as rites for Japanese colonial government; while shrines founded by Japanese residents in Joseon were usually for satisfying their religious needs. According to Aoi(靑井哲人), shrines founded by Japanese residents in Joseon were total 25 and small shrines only for the prayer were total 6 before 1915; in addition, 27 shrines among total 31 dedicated to Amateras(天照大神). Here, up for discussion is that Japanese residents in Joseon, who tended to popular religion, founded a shrine dedicated to Amateras(天照大神). In other words, if we consider Amateras(天照大神) as only the god of Japanese imperial ancestor, a shrine founded by Japanese residents in Joseon and a shrine founded by government and public institutions in the Japanese colonial period could not be differentiated, and religious characteristics of a shrine founded by Japanese residents in Joseon would be overlooked. Therefore, in order to identify why Japanese residents in Joseon founded a shrine, the characteristics of a shrine founded by them and of Amateras(天照大神) should be shed light in the perspective of popular religion. Also, situations and a social position of Japanese residents in Joseon before the Japanese Seizure of Korea should be considered. In summary, research object of this paper is the grand shrine at Nam mountain, which was first founded in Hanseong(old place name of Seoul). Research purpose of this paper is to consider the implication of shinto shrine, shedding new light on social and religious life of Japanese residents in Joseon in order to identify the relationship between Japanese residents in Joseon and shrines founded by them. In addition, this paper will illustrate religious characteristics of State Shinto through examining the god and rites of the grand shrine at Nam mountain such as seasonal customs, the rite of the life passage in Shinto and rites for spiritual consolation. This study might be important in shedding new light on religious faith of gods and rites in State Shinto, which has been only considered as a social institute for making subjects of the Japanese emperor, and in delineating diversity of religious experience with State Shinto depending on the social class of Japanese residents in Joseon.