조선전기 畿甸의 군사목장 운영과 갑사의 마필 점고

Abstract

King Taejo Lee Seong-gye, who founded the Joseon dynasty through the treachery revolution (dynastic cycle), appointed 500 Gapsa (mid-level soldiers) as his private soldiers and assigned an additional position (添設職) to guard him, and set up a military ranch in Yangju Dohobu (county) Nokyang (綠楊) to graze horses. Gapsa was incorporated into the government army during the revolutionary eradication of private soldiers in the 2nd year of King Jeongjong and belonged to the 3Gunbu (3-military department, 三軍府). King Taejong decided on an organization of 400 interier Gapsa and 600 outside Gapsa, and Interier Gapsa with outstanding martial talent, were assigned to the 10 division (十司) and was assigned to the king's command, while outside Gapsa were assigned to the 3rd Army (三軍) and guard the palace. In addition, King Taejong gave military positions in the Gapsa position to 1,000 Gapsa who were local soldier's coming to Seoul on the military service order, and those Gapsa werer assigned to guard the palace and capital, and at the time, there were the military positions of 1,000 people in Gapsa including 120 Sajik (司直) in Jeong5pum, 180 vice-Sajik (副司直) inJeong6pum, 180 Sajeong (司正) in Jeong7pum, and 520 vice Sajeong (副司正) in Jeong8pum. military ranches for the three military corps (center corps, left corps, and right corps) on the outskirts of the capital, and assigned two dedicated ranches to each corps. In general, it is said that the combat power of one cavalry Gapsa is equivalent to the combat power of eight infantry Gapsa. However, the combat power of cavalry Gapsa comes from the mobility of horses, and the mobility of horses was made possible through constant training. Therefore, in order to improve their martial talent, Gapsa, who served in the palace and the capital, practiced horse mounted shooting (騎射) and horse mounted lance (騎槍) during their military service off-duty term (下番), and also worked hard on training horses. The State ordered the Beonsang (local soldier's coming to Seoul on the military service order) Gapsa to conduct the horse inspection two times. First, the Do-jeoljesa(都節制使) of the village inspected the horses just before Gapsa Beonsang, and in Seoul, Byeongjo (ministry of military) Nangchoeng (class, 兵曹郎廳) shared the task with the 3rd military corps Jinmu (class, 三軍鎭撫) to inspect the horses. In particular, in the lunar calendar March (春季月) inspection of horses, Byeongjo Dangsang (class, 兵曹堂上) participated along with the 3rd military corps do-Jinmu (class, 三軍都鎭撫).