조선 초기 마목장 설치 연구

Abstract

Horse ranches in the early Joseon period began to be constructed in Joseon when the Joseon government moved the capital to Hanyang. Among their purposes, horse requisition requests from Ming China, the need for battlefield horses to protect the capital, horses for soldiers (K. gapsa 甲士) ranches where horses from the provinces were kept for the royal family guard, and the need for battlefield horses to defeat barbarians in the north played important roles in the establishment of horse ranches. First, horse ranches in Gyeonggi Province recorded in Sejong sillok jiriji total twenty-three. There were eight in Yangjubu and Gwangjumok in the capital area, and fifteen in ranches in the outskirts of Gyeonggi Province, such as Kangwha Island, Namyang County, and Incheon County. Jeongot (箭串) Ranch in Yangju County was a royal ranch, Nokyang (綠楊) Ranch was the military ranch of the Middle Army and the Left Army, and Saoipo (沙外浦) in Keumcheon County, which was managed by Gwangju County, was the military ranch of the Right Army. In particular, there was a military training field for the inspection of martial arts in Jeongot Ranch. Here they held an annual memorial service for horses. The military ranches of the three armies were called gapsa because there were more gapsa soldiers than other troops in the three armies. On Ganghwa Island, in Gyeonggi Province, King Taejong sent 100 good horses from the Jeju Ranch to the ranch on Kilsangsan, which is the main islet of Ganghwa Island. King Sejong continued King Taejong’s policy and established horse ranches in attached islets such as Sindo, Jangbongdo, and Boeumdo. On the other hand, the number of horse ranches in the provinces as recorded in Sejong sillok jiriji are six in Chungcheon Province, two in Gyeongsang Province, and eight in Jeolla Province, or sixteen in total. In Chungcheon Province, there was Darigot (多利串) Ranch in Taean County, Heungyang, Daesangot, Wonsan Island (興陽·大山串· 元山島) Ranch in Hongjumok, Tojingot (土津串) Range in Gampo County, and Maenggot (孟串) Ranch in Tangjin County. In 1477, horse ranches in Chungcheon Province were reorganized as three ranches, Daesangot, Heungyang, and Wonsan. Large swift horses were sent to Daesangot and small native horses were sent to Heungyang Ranch. In the Gyeongsang Province area, there were two horse ranches in the early Sejong period, and sixteen horse ranches were built from the late Sejong period until the reign of King Jungjong. The number of horse ranches in Jeolla Province specified in Sejong sillok jiriji was eight, and ten horse ranches were built from the late Sejong period until the reign of King Jungjong. King Taejong moved 1,800 male and female seed horses to Jindo Island (珍島) soon after the establishment of Joseon, when Ming China tried to build a horse ranch on Jeju Island. With this movement, he secured an innovative system to produce battlefield horses. Horse ranches in the early Sejong period were seven in Hwanghae Province and Pyeongan Province, and four in Hamgyeong Province (eleven in total). In Hwanghae Province there was the Yongmaedo (龍媒島) Ranch in Haeju County, the Kirindo and Changrindo (麒麟島·昌 麟島) ranches in Ongjin County (瓮津縣), Baekryeong Island (白翎島) Ranch in Jangyeon County, and Chodo and Seokdo (椒島·席島) ranches in Pungcheon County. There were Mokmido (牧美島) Ranch in Seoncheon County in Pyeongan Province, Doryeonpo (都連浦) Ranch in Hamheung County in Hamgyeong Province, Maleungdo (末應島) Ranch in Yeongheung County, Dueontae (豆彦台) Ranch in Dancheon County (端川郡), and Daechodo (大草島) Ranch in Onseong County. From the late Sejong period until the Jungjong period, five more horse ranches were built in Hwanghae Province. In particular, in Hamgil Province, mixed-blood swift horses were produced by mating foreign (胡馬) Daldan horses and native horses.