신체적 피해와 형사 처벌이 교통사고 가해자의 PTSD에 미치는 영향 : 성차를 중심으로
PTSD Effects Resulting From Physical Injury and Criminal Penalty on Traffic Accident Offenders with Gender Focus
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 교통사고 가해운전자의 PTSD(Post-traumatic Stress Disorder) 정도를 남녀별로 측정하고, 피해자와 가해운전자 본인의 신체적 피해와 형사처벌이 PTSD 정도에 미치는 영향을 다룬 것이다. 또한 DSM-5의 PTSD 진단기준에 따른 신체적 피해와 형사처벌이 남녀의 PTSD 정도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 총 428명의 교통사고 가해운전자를 대상으로 PCL-5 척도를 이용하여 조사한 결과, 전체 PTSD 정도에 따른 성별의 차이는 보이지 않았지만, 남성보다 여성의 PTSD 정도가 다소 높았다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 남성의 경우 피해자의 신체적 피해는 정적으로, 형사처벌은 부적으로 PTSD 정도에 유의미한 영향을 끼쳤다. 여성의 경우에는 피해자의 신체적 피해가 PTSD 정도에 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 진단기준에 따른 다중회귀분석 결과는 성별에 따른 다중회귀분석 결과와 동일하였지만, ‘인지와 감정에서의 부정적인 변화’ 기준에서는 자신의 신체적 피해가 추가적으로 PTSD 정도에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 남성은 교통사고를 다시 경험하는 듯한 침습을, 여성은 지나치게 경계하거나 놀라는 과각성이 PTSD 정도에 가장 큰 설명력을 보여주고 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제언과 한계점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to measure the PTSD value of car accident offenders by gender. This study focused on the effects of physical injury and criminal penalty using the diagnostic criteria of PTSD presented in DSM-5. Assessment via PTSD checklist (PCL-5) on participants (N=428) indicated no gender differences by total PTSD value. However, PTSD value of female offenders was more severe than of male offenders. Multiple regression analysis test results indicate male offenders were affected positively by physical injury of others and negatively by criminal penalty. Female offenders were affected positively by others' physical injury. The results of regression analysis on the detailed diagnosis DSM-5 was similar in regression analysis by gender. The criteria method "negative cognitions and mood" indicates severity of physical injury on offenders affected both male and female offenders. Male offenders experienced the intrusion symptoms as if they encountered traffic accidents again, whereas PTSD of female offenders resulted in heightened arousal and reactivity. The study concludes with limitations and recommendations for future research.
참고문헌 (34)
- 김순진, "외상후 스트레스 장애" (2009), 학지사
- 권석만, "현대이상심리학", pp.188~193 (2011), 학지사
- 배성만, "신체손상, 지각된 위협감, 대처전략 및 상황용서가 PTSD에 미치는 영향 : 교통사고 환자를 대상으로 한 모형검증", 박사, 임상심리학, pp.2011
- 설재욱, "교통사고 환자의 다면적 인성검사 결과-교통사고 유형, 외상후 스트레스 장애 유무 및 성별에 따라-", 한방재활의학과학회지, 16(3), pp.137~148 (2006), 한방재활의학과학회
- 이선미, "교통사고 후 신체 손상 환자의 만성외상후 스트레스 장애 : 발생 빈도, 증상 변화, 예측인자에 대한 전향적 연구", 신경정신의학, 39(5), pp.797~808 (2000)
- 최현정, "조용한 마음의 혁명: 심리학으로 본 한국사회 마음의 건강" (2010), 미디어 일다
- Allen, J, B., "Coping with trauma" (2005), America Psychiatric Publishingm Inc
- American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" (2013), American Psychiatric Association
- Berna, G., "Categorical and dimensional study of the predictive factors of the development of a psychotrauma in victims of car accidents", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), pp.239~245 (2012)
- Blanchard, E. B., "After the crash" (2004), American Psychological Association
- Blanchard, E. B., "Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist(PCL)", Behavioral Research & Therapy, 34(8), pp.669~673 (1996)
- Byrne, M. K., "Trauma reactions in the offender", Journal of Forensic Psychology, 1, pp.59~70 (2003)
- Carmassi, C., "Frequency of trauma exposure and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Italy:Analysis from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative", Journal of Psychiatric Research, 59, pp.77~84 (2014)
- Clapp, J. D., "Properties of the Driving Behavior Survey Among Individuals with Motor Vehicle Accident-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(1), pp.1~7 (2014)
- Cox, K. S., "Prevalence and Correlates of Posttrauma Distorted Beliefs: Evaluating DSM-5 PTSD Expanded Cognitive Symptoms in a National Sample", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(3), pp.299~306 (2014)
- Gray, N. S., "Post-traumatic stress disorder caused in mentally disordered offenders by the committing of a serious violent or sexual offence", The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 14(1), pp.27~43 (2003)
- Harry, B., "Posttraumatic stress disorder in murderers", Journal of Forensic Sciences, 31(2), pp.609~613 (1986)
- Hebenstreit, C. L., "Latent profiles of PTSD symptoms in women exposed to intimate partner violence", Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, pp.122~128 (2015)
- Heron-Delaney, M., "A systematic review of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)for adult road traffic crash survivors", Injury, 44(11), pp.1413~1422 (2013)
- Hole, D., "Motor Vehicle Collisions: Medical, Psychosocial, and Legal Consequences, 2008", pp.13~36 (2008), Elsevier
- Kessler, R. C., "Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey", Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, pp.1048~1060 (1995)
- Koren, D., "Acute stress response and posttraumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims: a one-year prospective, follow-up study", The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(3), pp.367~373 (1999)
- Lucas, J. L., "Drivers psychological and physical reactions after motor vehicle accidents", Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6(2), pp.135~145 (2003)
- Mayou, R., "Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents", British Medical Journal, 307, pp.647~651 (1993)
- Mayou, R., "Posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents: 3-year follow-up of a prospective longitudinal study", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), pp.665~675 (2002)
- Mayou, R., "Long-term outcome of motor vehicle accident injury", Psychosomatic Medicine, 59(6), pp.578~584 (1997)
- Papanastassiou, M., "Posttraumatic stress disorder in mentally ill perpetrators of homicide", The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 15(1), pp.66~75 (2004)
- Pollock, P. H., "When the killer suffers: Post-traumatic stress reaction following homicide", Legal and Criminological Psychology, 4(2), pp.185~202 (1999)
- Ryb, G. E., "PTSD After Severe Vehicular Crashes", Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine, 53, pp.177~193 (2009)
- Tayor, S., "Anxiety disorders due to motor vehicle accident: nature and treatment", Clinical Psychology Review, 15(8), pp.721~738 (1995)
- Tolin, D. F., "Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative review of 25 years of research", Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), pp.959~992 (2006)
- Weathers, F. W., "The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, Validity, and Diagnostic Utility", Paper presented at the 9th Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (1993)
- Wortman, C. B., "The Myths of Coping With Loss", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(3), pp.49~35 (1989)