자동차 에어백이 탑승자 상해에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Frontal Air Bags on Occupants’ Injury
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자동차 앞좌석 앞에 설치되는 전면에어백은 전방충돌사고 발생시 앞좌석 탑승자가 차체내부와 부딪치며 받는 충격을 완화하여 탑승자의 상해를 낮추도록 설계된 탑승자 보호장치이다. 에어백은 완충작용을 하기 위해 빠른 속도로 팽창하는데, 이는 탑승자의 상해를 유발하는 위험요인이다. 에어백의 효과를 평가함에 있어, 에어백이 탑승자 보호효과 뿐만 아니라 상해유발 영향도 고려해야 한다. 본 논문은 에어백 전개의 영향을 탑승자보호와 상해유발로 구분하여 설명변수로 포함하고, 회귀분석을 통해 상해수준별로 앞좌석 탑승자의 상해를 유발하는 요인에 대한 분석 결과를 제시한다. 회귀분석 결과는 에어백의 영향은 좌석에 따라 다르게 나타남을 보여준다. 운전석 탑승자의 상해는 에어백 전개에 따른 보호효과와 상해유발에 영향을 받지만, 승객석 탑승자의 상해는 에어백 전개에 영향을 받는다고 보기 어렵다. 일반적인 중증상해 기준인 ISS 16+을 기준으로 에어백 전개가 낮춘 상해수준과 유발하는 상해수준이 같아지는 충돌속도는 32.5km/h로 산출된다. 충돌속도별 에어백 전개비율 조사자료는 충돌속도 30km/h인 사고에서 약 80%의 에어백이 전개되는 것을 보여준다. 이는 사고 발생시 많은 에어백이 충격이 적은 사고에서 전개되어 탑승자 보호 보다는 상해를 유발하는 부정적 영향을 끼치는 것을 의미하며, 에어백 전개 충돌속도의 조정이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Frontal air bags are the common occupant protection equipments mitigating injury severity by reducing the chance that the front seat occupants' body will striking the vehicle interior in case of frontal collision. Air bags must inflate very rapidly to be effective, and therefore the occupants contacting air bags can be injured. In assessing the effectiveness of the air bags, they should take into account not only the occupant protection but also the air bags induced injury. In this paper, the occupant protection and injury inducement is identified as the explanatory variables in regression analysis estimating occupants' injury severity. The regression shows the injury of the driver is affected by the protection effect and the injury caused by the deployment of the air bags, but the injury of the passenger is unlikely to be influenced by the deployment of the air bags. Adopting ISS 16+as severe injury criteria, the collision speed() making the reduced injury equal to induced injury is estimated as 32.5km/h. The airbag deployment rate data by collision speed shows that about 80% of the air bags are deployed in an accident with a collision speed of 30 km / h. This means that many air bags are deployed in case of an accident, causing a negative impact on the occupant rather than protecting the occupant, suggesting the need to adjust the collision speed of the air bags deployment.
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